縮砂密

Chinese

		to withdraw; to pull back; to contract to withdraw; to pull back; to contract; to shrink; to reduce	sand; gravel; granule	secret; confidential; close secret; confidential; close; thick; dense
trad. (縮砂密)		縮	砂	密
simp. (缩砂密)		缩	砂	密
alternative forms		縮砂蔤／缩砂蔤 縮砂蜜／缩砂蜜 縮沙蜜／缩沙蜜

Etymology

Phono-semantic matching of Sanskrit सूक्ष्मैला (sūkṣmailā, “small cardamoms”). Recorded in 《唐梵兩語雙對集》 (Sanskrit–Chinese Glossary) as 素乞史謎囉 (MC suH khj+jH sriX mejH la).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): sùshāmì, suōshāmì

  (Zhuyin): ㄙㄨˋ ㄕㄚ ㄇㄧˋ, ㄙㄨㄛ ㄕㄚ ㄇㄧˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): suk¹ saa¹ mat⁶

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland, variant in Taiwan)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: sùshāmì
    • Zhuyin: ㄙㄨˋ ㄕㄚ ㄇㄧˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: sùshamì
    • Wade–Giles: su⁴-sha¹-mi⁴
    • Yale: sù-shā-mì
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: suhshamih
    • Palladius: сушами (sušami)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /su⁵¹ ʂä⁵⁵ mi⁵¹/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, standard in Taiwan)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: suōshāmì
    • Zhuyin: ㄙㄨㄛ ㄕㄚ ㄇㄧˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: suoshamì
    • Wade–Giles: so¹-sha¹-mi⁴
    • Yale: swō-shā-mì
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: suoshamih
    • Palladius: сошами (sošami)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /su̯ɔ⁵⁵ ʂä⁵⁵ mi⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: suk¹ saa¹ mat⁶
    • Yale: sūk sā maht
    • Cantonese Pinyin: suk⁷ saa¹ mat⁹
    • Guangdong Romanization: sug¹ sa¹ med⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sʊk̚⁵ saː⁵⁵ mɐt̚²/

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• Middle Chinese: srjuwk srae mit

Rime
Character	縮	砂	密
Reading #	1/1	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	生 (21)	生 (21)	明 (4)
Final (韻)	屋 (4)	麻 (98)	質 (49)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)	Level (Ø)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	II	III
Fanqie	所六切	所加切	美畢切
Baxter	srjuwk	srae	mit
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʃɨuk̚/	/ʃˠa/	/mˠiɪt̚/
Pan Wuyun	/ʃiuk̚/	/ʃᵚa/	/mᵚit̚/
Shao Rongfen	/ʃiuk̚/	/ʃa/	/miet̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʂuwk̚/	/ʂaɨ/	/mjit̚/
Li Rong	/ʃiuk̚/	/ʃa/	/mjĕt̚/
Wang Li	/ʃĭuk̚/	/ʃa/	/mĭĕt̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ʂi̯uk̚/	/ʂa/	/mi̯ĕt̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	shu	shā	mì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	suk1	saa1	mat6

Noun

縮砂密

1. Amomum villosum var. xanthioides