直垂

Japanese

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直垂

Kanji in this term
直	垂
ひた Grade: 2	た(れ) Grade: 6
kun'yomi

Etymology

Compound of 直 (hita, “one, single”, cognate with 一 (hito, “one”)) +‎ 垂れ (tare, “hanging, drooping”, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 垂れる (tareru, “to hang down, to droop”)).^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]

Probably so named from the way that this form of dress only has a 単衣 (hitoe, “unlined robe”, literally “one layer”) on top as opposed to the 袷 (awase, “lined kimono”, literally “matching, putting things together”) style with two layers, and the collar is the so-called 垂領 (tarikubi, “drooping neck”) style that lays flat, as opposed to the 上領 (agekubi, “raised neck”) style vaguely similar in shape to an upright clerical collar.

The term first appears in the 900s.^[3]

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) ひたたれ [hìtátáré] (Heiban – [0])^[1]^[5]^[4]
IPA^(key): [çi̥ta̠ta̠ɾe̞]

Noun

直(ひた)垂(たれ) • (hitatare)

(clothing) a two-piece set of clothing worn in some form since the early Heian period, consisting of a long-sleeved robe tucked into hakama trousers, where the robe opening in front is tied closed with a cord, and the sleeves each have a drawstring at the opening to cinch them up as needed

Coordinate terms

水干(すいかん) (suikan): a tunic-like garment worn in ancient Japan

Derived terms

直垂上下(ひたたれかみしも) (hitatare kamishimo): a hitatare where the upper robe and lower trousers are made from the same material
直垂衾(ひたたれぶすま) (hitatare-busuma): sleepwear with attached collar and sleeves, similar to a hitatare
赤地(あかじ)の錦(にしき)の直垂(ひたたれ) (akaji no nishiki no hitatare): a narrow-sleeved red brocade hitatare worn under armor by generals
布直垂(ぬのひたたれ) (nuno hitatare): a hitatare made of linen, ramie, or similar material
鎧直垂(よろいひたたれ) (yoroi hitatare): a kind of narrow-sleeved hitatare worn as a layer under armor

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

“直垂”, in ブリタニカ国際大百科事典小項目事典 (Buritanika Kokusai Dai Hyakka Jiten: Shō Kōmoku Jiten, “Encyclopædia Britannica International: Micropædia”)‎^[1] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Britannica Japan Co., Ltd., 2014

[DJR-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[DJS-2] Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN

[KDJ-3] 3.0 ^3.1 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

[SMK5-4] 4.0 ^4.1 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[NHK-5] NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

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