番禺

Chinese

		(measure word for acts); deeds; foreign (measure word for acts); deeds; foreign; surname; place name	(place); district
trad. (番禺)		番	禺
simp. #(番禺)		番	禺

Etymology

Attested in the Records of the Grand Historian and the Classic of Mountains and Seas.

There are multiple theories attempting to explain the origin of the name:

• There were two mountains in the region, 番山 (“Pan Mountain”) and 禺山 (“Yu Mountain”). 番禺 was formed by combining the first characters of the names of the two mountains.
• From 番山之禺 (“corner of Pan mountain”), with 禺 (yú) being equivalent to 隅 (yú, “corner”).
• From 蕃禺 (“remote place of foreign tribes”), composed of 蕃 (fān, “foreign tribes”) and 禺 (yú) (equivalent to 隅 (yú, “corner; remote place”)).
• Composed of Proto-Tai *ɓaːnꟲ (“village”) and Proto-Tai *klwɯəᴬ (“salt”) (literally "salt village").

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): Pānyú

  (Zhuyin): ㄆㄢ ㄩˊ

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): pun¹ jyu⁴

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): pon¹ ngui³

• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): Phoan-gû

  (Teochew, Peng'im): puan¹ ngo⁵ / puang¹ ngo⁵

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: Pānyú
    • Zhuyin: ㄆㄢ ㄩˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: Panyú
    • Wade–Giles: Pʻan¹-yü²
    • Yale: Pān-yú
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Panyu
    • Palladius: Паньюй (Panʹjuj)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰän⁵⁵ y³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: pun¹ jyu⁴
    • Yale: pūn yùh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: pun¹ jy⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: pun¹ yu⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰuːn⁵⁵ jyː²¹/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: pon¹ ngui³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰᵘɔn³³ ᵑɡui²²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Phoan-gû
    • Tâi-lô: Phuan-gû
    • Phofsit Daibuun: phoan'guu
    • IPA (Xiamen): /pʰuan⁴⁴⁻²² ɡu²⁴/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: puan¹ ngo⁵ / puang¹ ngo⁵
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: phuaⁿ ngô / phuang ngô
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰũã³³⁻²³ ŋo⁵⁵/, /pʰuaŋ³³⁻²³ ŋo⁵⁵/

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• Middle Chinese: phan ngju

Rime
Character	番	禺
Reading #	3/5	1/2
Initial (聲)	滂 (2)	疑 (31)
Final (韻)	桓 (62)	虞 (24)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Closed
Division (等)	I	III
Fanqie	普官切	虞俱切
Baxter	phan	ngju
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/pʰuɑn/	/ŋɨo/
Pan Wuyun	/pʰʷɑn/	/ŋio/
Shao Rongfen	/pʰuɑn/	/ŋio/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/pʰwan/	/ŋuə̆/
Li Rong	/pʰuɑn/	/ŋio/
Wang Li	/pʰuɑn/	/ŋĭu/
Bernard Karlgren	/pʰuɑn/	/ŋi̯u/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	pān	yú
Expected Cantonese Reflex	pun1	jyu4

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*pʰan  ŋo/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	番	禺
Reading #	4/5	1/2
No.	2889	15921
Phonetic component	番	禺
Rime group	元	侯
Rime subdivision	1	0
Corresponding MC rime	飜
Old Chinese	/*pʰan/	/*ŋo/

Proper noun

番禺

1. (historical) (～縣) Panyu (an ancient county located in modern Guangzhou)
2. (～區, formerly ～縣, ～市) Panyu (a district, former county, and former county-level city in Guangzhou, Guangdong, China)