波那娑

Chinese

		phonetic
trad. (波那娑)		波	那	娑
simp. #(波那娑)		波	那	娑
alternative forms		波那沙 婆那娑 半橠娑 半娜娑

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit पनस (panasa, “breadfruit; jackfruit”), पणस (paṇasa, “jackfruit”), a Dravidian loan. Compare Pali panasa (“breadfruit; jackfruit”), Hindi पनस (panas, “jackfruit”), Marathi फणस (phaṇas, “jackfruit”), Telugu పనస (panasa, “jackfruit”), Tamil பலா (palā, “jackfruit”).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): bōnuósuō

  (Zhuyin): ㄅㄛ ㄋㄨㄛˊ ㄙㄨㄛ

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: bōnuósuō
    • Zhuyin: ㄅㄛ ㄋㄨㄛˊ ㄙㄨㄛ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: bonuósuo
    • Wade–Giles: po¹-no²-so¹
    • Yale: bwō-nwó-swō
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bonuosuo
    • Palladius: боносо (bonoso)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pu̯ɔ⁵⁵ nu̯ɔ³⁵ su̯ɔ⁵⁵/

---

• Middle Chinese: pa na sa

Rime
Character	波	那	娑
Reading #	1/1	1/3	1/2
Initial (聲)	幫 (1)	泥 (8)	心 (16)
Final (韻)	戈 (95)	歌 (94)	歌 (94)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	I	I
Fanqie	博禾切	諾何切	素何切
Baxter	pa	na	sa
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/puɑ/	/nɑ/	/sɑ/
Pan Wuyun	/puɑ/	/nɑ/	/sɑ/
Shao Rongfen	/puɑ/	/nɑ/	/sɑ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/pwa/	/na/	/sa/
Li Rong	/puɑ/	/nɑ/	/sɑ/
Wang Li	/puɑ/	/nɑ/	/sɑ/
Bernard Karlgren	/puɑ/	/nɑ/	/sɑ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	bō	nuó	suō
Expected Cantonese Reflex	bo1	no4	so1

Noun

波那娑

1. (archaic) jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus)

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 菠蘿蜜 (“jackfruit”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		波那娑, 婆那娑, 波那沙, 半橠娑, 半娜娑
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		菠蘿蜜, 木菠蘿, 樹菠蘿
Taxonomic name		菠蘿蜜
Northeastern Mandarin	Taiwan	菠蘿蜜
	Singapore	菠蘿蜜
Southwestern Mandarin	Liuzhou	木菠蘿
	Nanning (Wuming)	木菠蘿
	Kokang	牛肚子果
Cantonese	Guangzhou	菠蘿蜜, 大樹菠蘿, 木菠蘿
	Hong Kong	大樹菠蘿, 菠蘿蜜
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	大樹菠蘿
	Taishan (Guanghai)	樹菠蘿
	Yangjiang	菠蘿子
	Nanning	木菠蘿, 樹菠蘿
	Nanning (Tanka)	木菠蘿
	Wuzhou	木菠蘿
	Yulin	木菠蘿
	Hepu (Lianzhou)	木菠蘿
	Guiping (Jintian)	木菠蘿
	Baise	木菠蘿, 樹菠蘿
	Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô)	木菠蘿
	Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà)	大菠蘿
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	芒加
	Sarikei (Xinhui)	大樹菠蘿
	Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu)	菠蘿蜜
	Móng Cái	木菠蘿
	Mandalay (Taishan)	菠蘿蜜
Hakka	Senai (Huiyang)	芒加
Southern Min	Xiamen	菠蘿蜜
	Penang (Hokkien)	芒加
	Singapore (Hokkien)	芒加
	Chaozhou	菠蘿蜜
	Shantou	菠蘿蜜
	Shantou (Chenghai)	菠蘿蜜
	Jieyang	菠蘿蜜
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	芒加
	Singapore (Teochew)	芒加, 菠蘿蜜
	Pontianak (Teochew)	菠蘿蜜
	Leizhou	包蘿
	Wenchang	包蜜
	Haikou	包蜜
Zhongshan Min	Zhongshan (Sanxiang)	大樹菠蘿
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	木菠蘿