沙門

Chinese

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): shāmén

  (Zhuyin): ㄕㄚ ㄇㄣˊ

• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): soa-mn̂g

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: shāmén
    • Zhuyin: ㄕㄚ ㄇㄣˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: shamén
    • Wade–Giles: sha¹-mên²
    • Yale: shā-mén
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shamen
    • Palladius: шамэнь (šamɛnʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂä⁵⁵ mən³⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: soa-mn̂g
    • Tâi-lô: sua-mn̂g
    • Phofsit Daibuun: soamngg
    • IPA (Xiamen): /sua⁴⁴⁻²² mŋ̍²⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /sua³³ mŋ̍²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /sua⁴⁴⁻²² mŋ̍¹³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /sua⁴⁴⁻³³ mŋ̍²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /sua⁴⁴⁻³³ mŋ̍²³/

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• Middle Chinese: srae mwon

Rime
Character	沙	門
Reading #	1/2	1/1
Initial (聲)	生 (21)	明 (4)
Final (韻)	麻 (98)	魂 (55)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Closed
Division (等)	II	I
Fanqie	所加切	莫奔切
Baxter	srae	mwon
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʃˠa/	/muən/
Pan Wuyun	/ʃᵚa/	/muon/
Shao Rongfen	/ʃa/	/muən/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʂaɨ/	/mwən/
Li Rong	/ʃa/	/muən/
Wang Li	/ʃa/	/muən/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʂa/	/muən/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	shā	mén
Expected Cantonese Reflex	saa1	mun4

Etymology 1

		phonetic
trad. (沙門)		沙	門
simp. (沙门)		沙	门

Possibly from Tocharian, likely the Tocharian A ṣāmaṃ (Ji, 1998v12). Ultimately from Sanskrit श्रमण (śramaṇa), possibly via Gandhari 𐨮𐨨𐨣 (ṣamana /⁠ʂəmənə⁠/) (see Karashima, 2010).

Noun

沙門

1. (Buddhism) ascetic monk

Derived terms

• 沙門果經／沙门果经
• 沙門氏桿菌／沙门氏杆菌 (shāmén shì gǎnjūn)
• 稗沙門／稗沙门

 

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (沙門):

• → Japanese: 沙門(しゃもん) (shamon)
• → Korean: 사문(沙門) (samun)

Etymology 2

		granule; hoarse; raspy granule; hoarse; raspy; sand; powder; tsar	opening; door; gate opening; door; gate; doorway; gateway; valve; switch; way to do something; knack; family; house; (religious) sect; school (of thought); class; category; (taxonomy) phylum or division
trad. (沙門)		沙	門
simp. (沙门)		沙	门

Proper noun

沙門

1. (archaic) former name of the Changshan Archipelago between the Shandong and Liaoning peninsulas in northeastern China

Synonyms

• 長山／长山 (Chángshān)