沙彌

Chinese

		phonetic
trad. (沙彌)		沙	彌
simp. (沙弥)		沙	弥

Etymology

From Tocharian (Ji, 1998v12), in turn from Middle Indo-Aryan; cf. Tocharian A ṣāmner, Tocharian B ṣanmire or its variant form ṣarmire (Adams, 2013). Cognate to Niya Prakrit 𐨮𐨨𐨣𐨅𐨪 (ṣamanera), 𐨮𐨨𐨎𐨣𐨅𐨪 (ṣamaṃnera) or the partially Sanskritized form 𐨭𐨿𐨪𐨨𐨣𐨅𐨪 (śramanera), Pali sāmaṇera, and Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit श्रामणेर (śrāmaṇera), which is itself possibly a back-formation from Prakrit. One Tibetan equivalent is གྲྭ་ཆུང (grwa chung).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): shāmí

  (Zhuyin): ㄕㄚ ㄇㄧˊ

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): saa¹ mei⁴ / saa¹ nei⁴

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): sa⁴ mi³

• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): sa-bi

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: shāmí
    • Zhuyin: ㄕㄚ ㄇㄧˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: shamí
    • Wade–Giles: sha¹-mi²
    • Yale: shā-mí
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shami
    • Palladius: шами (šami)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂä⁵⁵ mi³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: saa¹ mei⁴ / saa¹ nei⁴
    • Yale: sā mèih / sā nèih
    • Cantonese Pinyin: saa¹ mei⁴ / saa¹ nei⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: sa¹ méi⁴ / sa¹ néi⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /saː⁵⁵ mei̯²¹/, /saː⁵⁵ nei̯²¹/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: sa⁴ mi³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sa²¹ ᵐbi²²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sa-bi
    • Tâi-lô: sa-bi
    • Phofsit Daibuun: sa'by
    • IPA (Xiamen): /sa⁴⁴⁻²² bi⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /sa³³ bi³³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /sa⁴⁴⁻²² bi⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei): /sa⁴⁴⁻³³ bi⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /sa⁴⁴⁻³³ bi⁴⁴/

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• Middle Chinese: srae mjie

Rime
Character	沙	彌
Reading #	1/2	1/1
Initial (聲)	生 (21)	明 (4)
Final (韻)	麻 (98)	支 (11)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	II	III
Fanqie	所加切	武移切
Baxter	srae	mjie
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʃˠa/	/miᴇ/
Pan Wuyun	/ʃᵚa/	/miɛ/
Shao Rongfen	/ʃa/	/mjɛ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʂaɨ/	/miə̆/
Li Rong	/ʃa/	/mie/
Wang Li	/ʃa/	/mǐe/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ʂa/	/mie̯/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	shā	mí
Expected Cantonese Reflex	saa1	mei4

Noun

沙彌

1. (Buddhism) novice Buddhist monk

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (沙彌):

• → Korean: 사미(沙彌) (sami)

Other

• → Malay: sami
• → Vietnamese: sa di