栴檀

Chinese

		phonetic
simp. and trad. (栴檀)		栴	檀
alternative forms		旃檀

Etymology

Ultimately from Sanskrit चन्दन (candana, “sandalwood”), possibly via Prakrit 𑀘𑀁𑀤𑀡 (caṃdaṇa) with syncope of the unstable final -a (see Bailey, 1946); cf. cognate in Tocharian B cantāṃ.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): zhāntán

  (Zhuyin): ㄓㄢ ㄊㄢˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): zin¹ taan⁴

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zhāntán
    • Zhuyin: ㄓㄢ ㄊㄢˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jhantán
    • Wade–Giles: chan¹-tʻan²
    • Yale: jān-tán
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jantarn
    • Palladius: чжаньтань (čžanʹtanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂän⁵⁵ tʰän³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: zin¹ taan⁴
    • Yale: jīn tàahn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzin¹ taan⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: jin¹ tan⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡siːn⁵⁵ tʰaːn²¹/

---

• Middle Chinese: tsyen dan

Rime
Character	栴	檀
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	章 (23)	定 (7)
Final (韻)	仙 (77)	寒 (61)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	I
Fanqie	諸延切	徒干切
Baxter	tsyen	dan
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡ɕiᴇn/	/dɑn/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡ɕiɛn/	/dɑn/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡ɕjæn/	/dɑn/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/cian/	/dan/
Li Rong	/t͡ɕiɛn/	/dɑn/
Wang Li	/t͡ɕĭɛn/	/dɑn/
Bernhard Karlgren	/t͡ɕi̯ɛn/	/dʱɑn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhān	tán
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zin1	taan4

Noun

栴檀

1. sandalwood
2. bead tree

Synonyms

• (sandalwood): 檀香 (tánxiāng)
• (bead tree):

Dialectal synonyms of 楝 (“bead tree”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		楝, 楝樹, 苦楝, 苦楝樹
Northeastern Mandarin	Taiwan	苦楝, 苦楝樹, 楝樹, 苦苓
Jilu Mandarin	Jinan	苦楝子
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Yantai (Muping)	苦楝子
Central Plains Mandarin	Luoyang	楝樹
	Xi'an	苦楝子樹
	Xuzhou	楝棗子, 楝棗樹
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	苦楝子
	Wuhan	楝樹
	Guiyang	苦楝子
	Liuzhou	苦楝樹
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	楝樹, 苦楝樹, 苦楝
	Yangzhou	楝樹, 苦楝樹
Cantonese	Guangzhou	森樹
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou)	苦楝
	Macau	苦楝
	Guangzhou (Panyu)	森樹
	Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)	苦楝
	Guangzhou (Conghua)	苦楝樹
	Guangzhou (Zengcheng)	森樹
	Foshan	森樹
	Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)	森樹
	Foshan (Shunde)	森樹
	Foshan (Sanshui)	森樹
	Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)	古楝
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	森樹
	Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou)	苦楝樹
	Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka)	森樹
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	森樹
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	森樹
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	苦楝
	Taishan	苦楝
	Enping (Niujiang)	苦楝
	Heshan (Yayao)	苦楝
	Dongguan	火楝樹
	Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)	火楝樹
	Qingyuan	森樹
	Fogang	苦楝, 森木
	Yingde (Hanguang)	苦楝樹
	Yangshan	苦楝樹
	Lianshan (Butian)	苦楝
	Lianzhou (Qingshui; Sihui)	苦楝
	Shaoguan	苦楝樹
	Shaoguan (Qujiang)	苦楝樹
	Renhua	苦楝樹
	Lechang	苦楝樹
	Zhaoqing (Gaoyao)	苦林森
	Sihui	苦楝樹
	Guangning	火楝樹
	Deqing	森木樹
	Huaiji	火楝杵
	Fengkai (Nanfeng)	苦楝
	Yunfu	苦楝森
	Xinxing	苦楝森
	Luoding	苦楝
	Yunan (Pingtai)	禾鐮樹
	Xinyi	苦楝木
Gan	Nanchang	苦楝子樹
	Lichuan	苦楝樹
	Pingxiang	苦楝子樹
Hakka	Meixian	苦楝樹
	Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua)	苦楝樹
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	苦楝樹
	Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)	苦楝樹
	Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)	鴨仔樹
	Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua)	苦楝
	Yudu	苦楝樹, 麻風樹
	Ruijin	苦楝樹
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	苦楝樹, 苦楝
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	苦楝
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	苦楝樹, 苦楝
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	苦楝樹, 苦楝
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	苦楝樹, 苦楝
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	苦楝樹, 苦楝
Huizhou	Jixi	苦楝樹
Jin	Taiyuan	苦楝樹
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	苦楝
Southern Min	Zhangzhou	楝少仔
	Taipei	苦楝
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	苦楝
	Kaohsiung	苦楝仔
	Yilan	苦楝
	Changhua (Lukang)	苦楝
	Taichung	苦楝仔
	Tainan	苦楝
	Hsinchu	苦楝仔
	Kinmen	苦楝
	Penghu (Magong)	苦楝
	Jieyang	苦楝
	Leizhou	苦楝樹
	Haikou	苦楝樹
Zhongshan Min	Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi)	森木
	Zhongshan (Sanxiang)	森木, 森木樹
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	苦楝根
Wu	Shanghai	楝樹
	Shanghai (Chongming)	楝樹
	Hangzhou	楝樹
	Ningbo	楝樹
	Wenzhou	苦楝樹
	Jinhua	楝樹
Xiang	Changsha	苦楝子樹

Japanese

Kanji in this term
栴	檀
せん Hyōgai	だん Jinmeiyō
on'yomi	goon

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) せんだん [sèńdáń] (Heiban – [0])
• IPA^(key): [sẽ̞ndã̠ɴ]

Noun

栴(せん)檀(だん) or 栴檀(センダン) • (sendan) 

1. bead tree (Melia azedarach)

   Synonym: 楝 (ōchi)

2. Synonym of 白檀 (byakudan, “white sandalwood, Santalum album”)

Usage notes

As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary).

See also

• 苦楝子(くれんし) (kurenshi)

Korean

Hanja in this term
栴	檀

Noun

栴檀 • (jeondan) (hangeul 전단)

1. hanja form^? of 전단 (“(Buddhism) sandalwood”)