撫でる

Japanese

Kanji in this term
撫
な Jinmeiyō
kun'yomi

Etymology

From Old Japanese verb 撫づ (nadu → nazu).

Development

Natural progression from Old and Classical Japanese 下二段活用 (shimo nidan katsuyō, “lower bigrade conjugation”) verbs ending in -u to modern Japanese 下一段活用 (shimo ichidan katsuyō, “lower monograde conjugation”) verbs ending in -eru.

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) なでる [nàdéꜜrù] (Nakadaka – [2])^[1]^[2]
IPA^(key): [na̠de̞ɾɯ̟]

Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of 「撫でる」

Stem forms
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Terminal (終止形) Attributive (連体形)	撫でる	なでる	`[nàdéꜜrù]`
Imperative (命令形)	撫でろ	なでろ	`[nàdéꜜrò]`
Key constructions
Passive	撫でられる	なでられる	`[nàdéráréꜜrù]`
Causative	撫でさせる	なでさせる	`[nàdésáséꜜrù]`
Potential	撫でられる	なでられる	`[nàdéráréꜜrù]`
Volitional	撫でよう	なでよー	`[nàdéyóꜜò]`
Negative	撫でない	なでない	`[nàdéꜜnàì]`
Negative perfective	撫でなかった	なでなかった	`[nàdéꜜnàkàttà]`
Formal	撫でます	なでます	`[nàdémáꜜsù]`
Perfective	撫でた	なでた	`[náꜜdètà]`
Conjunctive	撫でて	なでて	`[náꜜdètè]`
Hypothetical conditional	撫でれば	なでれば	`[nàdéꜜrèbà]`

Verb

撫(な)でる • (naderu) transitive ichidan (stem 撫(な)で (nade), past 撫(な)でた (nadeta))

to stroke, caress

Conjugation

Conjugation of "撫でる" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	撫で	なで	nade
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	撫で	なで	nade
Shūshikei ("terminal")	撫でる	なでる	naderu
Rentaikei ("attributive")	撫でる	なでる	naderu
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	撫でれ	なでれ	nadere
Meireikei ("imperative")	撫でよ¹ 撫でろ²	なでよ¹ なでろ²	nadeyo¹ nadero²
Key constructions
Passive	撫でられる	なでられる	naderareru
Causative	撫でさせる撫でさす	なでさせるなでさす	nadesaseru nadesasu
Potential	撫でられる撫でれる³	なでられるなでれる³	naderareru nadereru³
Volitional	撫でよう	なでよう	nadeyō
Negative	撫でない撫でぬ撫でん	なでないなでぬなでん	nadenai nadenu naden
Negative continuative	撫でず	なでず	nadezu
Formal	撫でます	なでます	nademasu
Perfective	撫でた	なでた	nadeta
Conjunctive	撫でて	なでて	nadete
Hypothetical conditional	撫でれば	なでれば	nadereba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ³ Colloquial potential

Derived terms

撫(な)で撫(な)で (nadenade)
撫(な)で下(お)ろす (nadeorosu)
撫子(ナデシコ) (nadeshiko, “plant of genus Dianthus”)
撫(な)で回(まわ)す (nademawasu)
撫(な)で物(もの) (nademono)
奏(かな)でる (kanaderu, “to play (with a musical instrument)”)^[3]
掻(か)き撫(な)でる (kakinaderu)

Idioms

顎(あご)を撫(な)でる (ago o naderu)
髭(ひげ)を撫(な)でる (hige o naderu)

References

^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
^
^{The template Template:R:ja:Martin 1987 does not use the parameter(s): page=703
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[DJR-1] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[NHK-2] NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

[3] {The template Template:R:ja:Martin 1987 does not use the parameter(s): page=703
Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.}Samuel E. Martin (1987) The Japanese Language Through Time, New Haven, London: Yale University Press, →ISBN

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