拓跋

Chinese

		phonetic
trad. (拓跋)		拓	跋
simp. #(拓跋)		拓	跋
alternative forms		拓拔 托跋 托拔 㩉拔

Etymology

From Xianbei. Compare English Tabgach, Old Turkic 𐱃𐰉𐰍𐰲 (t¹b¹ǧč /⁠tabɣač⁠/).

Most of the people from this clan have changed their surname into 元 (yuán) since Emperor Xiaowen's sinicization reforms.

This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): Tuòbá

  (Zhuyin): ㄊㄨㄛˋ ㄅㄚˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): tok³ bat⁶
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): Thok-poa̍t

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: Tuòbá
    • Zhuyin: ㄊㄨㄛˋ ㄅㄚˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: Tuòbá
    • Wade–Giles: Tʻo⁴-pa²
    • Yale: Twò-bá
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Tuohbar
    • Palladius: Тоба (Toba)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰu̯ɔ⁵¹ pä³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: tok³ bat⁶
    • Yale: tok baht
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tok⁸ bat⁹
    • Guangdong Romanization: tog³ bed⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰɔːk̚³ pɐt̚²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Thok-poa̍t
    • Tâi-lô: Thok-pua̍t
    • Phofsit Daibuun: tokpoat
    • IPA (Xiamen): /tʰɔk̚³²⁻⁴ puat̚⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ puat̚²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /tʰɔk̚³²⁻⁵ puat̚¹²¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /tʰɔk̚³²⁻⁴ puat̚⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /tʰɔk̚³²⁻⁴ puat̚⁴/

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• Middle Chinese: thak bat

Rime
Character	拓	跋
Reading #	1/2	1/1
Initial (聲)	透 (6)	並 (3)
Final (韻)	鐸 (103)	末 (64)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Closed
Division (等)	I	I
Fanqie	他各切	蒲撥切
Baxter	thak	bat
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/tʰɑk̚/	/buɑt̚/
Pan Wuyun	/tʰɑk̚/	/bʷɑt̚/
Shao Rongfen	/tʰɑk̚/	/buɑt̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/tʰak̚/	/bwat̚/
Li Rong	/tʰɑk̚/	/buɑt̚/
Wang Li	/tʰɑk̚/	/buɑt̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/tʰɑk̚/	/bʱuɑt̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	tuo	bó
Expected Cantonese Reflex	tok3	but6

Proper noun

拓跋

1. (historical) Tuoba (Xianbei clan in ancient China)
2. a Chinese compound surname from Xianbei

See also

• 禿髮／秃发 (Tūfà)