怯弱
Appearance
Chinese
[edit]afraid; rustic | weak; feeble; young weak; feeble; young; inferior | ||
---|---|---|---|
simp. and trad. (怯弱) |
怯 | 弱 |
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): hip3 joek6
- Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): khiap-lio̍k / khiap-jio̍k
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Mainland)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄝˋ ㄖㄨㄛˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: cièruò
- Wade–Giles: chʻieh4-jo4
- Yale: chyè-rwò
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chiehruoh
- Palladius: цежо (cežo)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕʰi̯ɛ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʐu̯ɔ⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄑㄩㄝˋ ㄖㄨㄛˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: cyuèruò
- Wade–Giles: chʻüeh4-jo4
- Yale: chywè-rwò
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chiuehruoh
- Palladius: цюэжо (cjuežo)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕʰy̯ɛ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʐu̯ɔ⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, Mainland)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: hip3 joek6
- Yale: hip yeuhk
- Cantonese Pinyin: hip8 joek9
- Guangdong Romanization: hib3 yêg6
- Sinological IPA (key): /hiːp̚³ jœːk̚²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khiap-lio̍k
- Tâi-lô: khiap-lio̍k
- Phofsit Daibuun: qiapliok
- IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰiap̚⁵⁻²⁴ liɔk̚²⁴/
- IPA (Xiamen): /kʰiap̚³²⁻⁴ liɔk̚⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khiap-jio̍k
- Tâi-lô: khiap-jio̍k
- Phofsit Daibuun: qiapjiok
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰiap̚³²⁻⁵ d͡ziɔk̚¹²¹/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen)
Adjective
[edit]怯弱
- timid and weak-willed
- 目前的造物主,還是一個怯弱者。 [MSC, trad.]
- From: 1926, Lu Xun, “Amid Pale Bloodstains—In Memory of Some Who Are Dead, Some Who Live, and Some Yet Unborn”, in Wild Grass (English translation by Yang Xianyi and Gladys Yang)
- Mùqián de zàowùzhǔ, hái shì yī ge qièruòzhě. [Pinyin]
- At present the creator is still a weakling.
目前的造物主,还是一个怯弱者。 [MSC, simp.]
Japanese
[edit]Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
怯 | 弱 |
きょう Hyōgai |
じゃく Grade: 2 |
kan'on |
Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
怯 | 弱 |
きょ Hyōgai |
じゃく Grade: 2 |
irregular | kan'on |
Pronunciation
[edit]Adjective
[edit]怯弱 • (kyōjaku) ←けふじやく (kefuzyaku)?-na (adnominal 怯弱な (kyōjaku na), adverbial 怯弱に (kyōjaku ni))
怯弱 • (kyojaku) ←きよじやく (kyozyaku)?-na (adnominal 怯弱な (kyojaku na), adverbial 怯弱に (kyojaku ni))
- timid and weak-willed
Inflection
[edit]Inflection of 怯弱
Stem forms | |||
---|---|---|---|
Imperfective (未然形) | 怯弱だろ | きょうじゃくだろ | kyōjaku daro |
Continuative (連用形) | 怯弱で | きょうじゃくで | kyōjaku de |
Terminal (終止形) | 怯弱だ | きょうじゃくだ | kyōjaku da |
Attributive (連体形) | 怯弱な | きょうじゃくな | kyōjaku na |
Hypothetical (仮定形) | 怯弱なら | きょうじゃくなら | kyōjaku nara |
Imperative (命令形) | 怯弱であれ | きょうじゃくであれ | kyōjaku de are |
Key constructions | |||
Informal negative | 怯弱ではない 怯弱じゃない |
きょうじゃくではない きょうじゃくじゃない |
kyōjaku de wa nai kyōjaku ja nai |
Informal past | 怯弱だった | きょうじゃくだった | kyōjaku datta |
Informal negative past | 怯弱ではなかった 怯弱じゃなかった |
きょうじゃくではなかった きょうじゃくじゃなかった |
kyōjaku de wa nakatta kyōjaku ja nakatta |
Formal | 怯弱です | きょうじゃくです | kyōjaku desu |
Formal negative | 怯弱ではありません 怯弱じゃありません |
きょうじゃくではありません きょうじゃくじゃありません |
kyōjaku de wa arimasen kyōjaku ja arimasen |
Formal past | 怯弱でした | きょうじゃくでした | kyōjaku deshita |
Formal negative past | 怯弱ではありませんでした 怯弱じゃありませんでした |
きょうじゃくではありませんでした きょうじゃくじゃありませんでした |
kyōjaku de wa arimasen deshita kyōjaku ja arimasen deshita |
Conjunctive | 怯弱で | きょうじゃくで | kyōjaku de |
Conditional | 怯弱なら(ば) | きょうじゃくなら(ば) | kyōjaku nara (ba) |
Provisional | 怯弱だったら | きょうじゃくだったら | kyōjaku dattara |
Volitional | 怯弱だろう | きょうじゃくだろう | kyōjaku darō |
Adverbial | 怯弱に | きょうじゃくに | kyōjaku ni |
Degree | 怯弱さ | きょうじゃくさ | kyōjakusa |
Stem forms | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Irrealis (未然形) | 怯弱なら | きょうじゃくなら | kyouzyakunara | |
Continuative (連用形) | 怯弱に[1] 怯弱なり[2] |
きょうじゃくに きょうじゃくなり |
kyouzyakuni kyouzyakunari | |
Terminal (終止形) | 怯弱なり | きょうじゃくなり | kyouzyakunari | |
Attributive (連体形) | 怯弱なる | きょうじゃくなる | kyouzyakunaru | |
Realis (已然形) | 怯弱なれ | きょうじゃくなれ | kyouzyakunare | |
Imperative (命令形) | 怯弱なれ | きょうじゃくなれ | kyouzyakunare | |
Key constructions | ||||
Negative | 怯弱ならず | きょうじゃくならず | kyouzyakunarazu | |
Contrasting conjunction | 怯弱なれど | きょうじゃくなれど | kyouzyakunaredo | |
Causal conjunction | 怯弱なれば | きょうじゃくなれば | kyouzyakunareba | |
Conditional conjunction | 怯弱ならば | きょうじゃくならば | kyouzyakunaraba | |
Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | 怯弱なりき | きょうじゃくなりき | kyouzyakunariki | |
Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | 怯弱なりけり | きょうじゃくなりけり | kyouzyakunarikeri | |
Adverbial | 怯弱に | きょうじゃくに | kyouzyakuni | |
[1]Without auxiliary verb. [2]With auxiliary verb. |
Noun
[edit]怯弱 • (kyōjaku) ←けふじやく (kefuzyaku)?
怯弱 • (kyojaku) ←きよじやく (kyozyaku)?
References
[edit]- ^ Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
Korean
[edit]Hanja in this term | |
---|---|
怯 | 弱 |
Noun
[edit]Categories:
- Mandarin terms with multiple pronunciations
- Chinese lemmas
- Mandarin lemmas
- Cantonese lemmas
- Hokkien lemmas
- Chinese adjectives
- Mandarin adjectives
- Cantonese adjectives
- Hokkien adjectives
- Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Chinese terms spelled with 怯
- Chinese terms spelled with 弱
- Mandarin terms with quotations
- Japanese terms spelled with 怯 read as きょう
- Japanese terms spelled with 弱 read as じゃく
- Japanese terms read with kan'on
- Japanese terms spelled with 怯
- Japanese terms read with irregular kanji readings
- Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese adjectives
- Japanese terms with multiple readings
- Japanese な-na adjectives
- Japanese terms spelled with hyōgai kanji
- Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji
- Japanese terms with 2 kanji
- Japanese nouns
- Korean lemmas
- Korean nouns
- Korean nouns in Han script
- Korean hanja forms