建言

Chinese

		to establish; to found; to set up to establish; to found; to set up; to build; to construct	to speak; to say; talk to speak; to say; talk; word
simp. and trad. (建言)		建	言

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): jiànyán

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄢˋ ㄧㄢˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gin³ jin⁴
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): kiàn-giân

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jiànyán
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄢˋ ㄧㄢˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jiànyán
    • Wade–Giles: chien⁴-yen²
    • Yale: jyàn-yán
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiannyan
    • Palladius: цзяньянь (czjanʹjanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹ jɛn³⁵/
    • Homophones:

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• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: gin³ jin⁴
    • Yale: gin yìhn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gin³ jin⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: gin³ yin⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kiːn³³ jiːn²¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiàn-giân
    • Tâi-lô: kiàn-giân
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kiern'gieen
    • IPA (Xiamen): /kiɛn²¹⁻⁵³ ɡiɛn²⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kiɛn⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ ɡiɛn²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kiɛn²¹⁻⁵³ ɡiɛn¹³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /kiɛn¹¹⁻⁵³ ɡiɛn²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kiɛn²¹⁻⁴¹ ɡiɛn²³/

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• Middle Chinese: kjonH ngjon

Rime
Character	建	言
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)	疑 (31)
Final (韻)	元 (65)	元 (65)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	居万切	語軒切
Baxter	kjonH	ngjon
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kɨɐnH/	/ŋɨɐn/
Pan Wuyun	/kiɐnH/	/ŋiɐn/
Shao Rongfen	/kiɐnH/	/ŋiɐn/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kɨanH/	/ŋɨan/
Li Rong	/kiɐnH/	/ŋiɐn/
Wang Li	/kĭɐnH/	/ŋĭɐn/
Bernhard Karlgren	/kɨ̯ɐnH/	/ŋɨ̯ɐn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jiàn	yán
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gin3	jin4

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[k]a[n]-s  ŋa[n]|ŋa[r]/

  (Zhengzhang): /*kans  ŋan/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	建	言	言	言	言
Reading #	1/1	1/4	2/4	3/4	4/4
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jiàn	yán	yán	yán	yán
Middle Chinese	‹ kjonH ›	‹ ngjon ›	‹ ngjon ›	‹ ngjon ›	‹ ngjon ›
Old Chinese	/*[k]a[n]-s/	/*ŋa[n]/	/*ŋa[n]/	/*ŋa[n]/	/*ŋa[r]/
English	set up, establish	(a particle)	I, we	speak; speech	tall
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	建	言
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	6220	14271
Phonetic component	建	言
Rime group	元	元
Rime subdivision	1	1
Corresponding MC rime	建	言
Old Chinese	/*kans/	/*ŋan/

Verb

建言

1. to offer a suggestion

Derived terms

• 建言獻策 / 建言献策