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孜孜

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

Chinese

		hard-working; industrious	hard-working; industrious
simp. and trad. (孜孜)		孜	孜
alternative forms		孳孳咨咨 “focused” 滋滋 suffix

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): zīzī

(Zhuyin): ㄗㄗ
Cantonese (Jyutping): zi¹ zi¹
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chu-chu

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zīzī
  - Zhuyin: ㄗㄗ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: zihzih
  - Wade–Giles: tzŭ¹-tzŭ¹
  - Yale: dz̄-dz̄
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzytzy
  - Palladius: цзыцзы (czyczy)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sz̩⁵⁵ t͡sz̩⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: zi¹ zi¹
  - Yale: jī jī
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzi¹ dzi¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: ji¹ ji¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡siː⁵⁵ t͡siː⁵⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chu-chu
  - Tâi-lô: tsu-tsu
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zuzw
  - IPA (Xiamen): /t͡su⁴⁴⁻²² t͡su⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡su³³ t͡su³³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡su⁴⁴⁻²² t͡su⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei): /t͡su⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡su⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡su⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡su⁴⁴/

Middle Chinese: tsi tsi

Rime
Character	孜
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	精 (13)
Final (韻)	之 (19)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	子之切
Baxter	tsi
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡sɨ/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡sɨ/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡sie/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/t͡sɨ/
Li Rong	/t͡siə/
Wang Li	/t͡sĭə/
Bernhard Karlgren	/t͡si/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zī
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zi¹

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*ʔslɯ ʔslɯ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	孜
Reading #	1/1
No.	17854
Phonetic component	子
Rime group	之
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	兹
Old Chinese	/*ʔslɯ/

Adjective

孜孜 (literary, ideophonic)

diligent; hardworking; industrious; assiduous
- 予何言？予思日孜孜。 [Classical Chinese, trad. and simp.]
  From: The Book of Documents, circa 4^th – 3^rd century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
  Yú hé yán? Yú sī rì zīzī. [Pinyin]
  What can I say? I think of maintaining a daily assiduity.
absorbed; focused; with rapt attention
earnest; eager; persistent
incessant; ceaseless; non-stop
harmonious and happy; beautiful; gentle
alone; by oneself
used as an augmentative or expressive suffix to form ideophonic adjectives.

Derived terms

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