ねじる
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Japanese
[edit]| Alternative spellings |
|---|
| 捻る 捻じる 捩る 捩じる 拗る |
Etymology
[edit]From Classical Japanese verb ねづ (nezu).
Development
Natural progression from Old and Classical Japanese 上二段活用 (kami nidan katsuyō, “upper bigrade conjugation”) verbs ending in -u to modern Japanese 上一段活用 (kami ichidan katsuyō, “upper monograde conjugation”) verbs ending in -iru.
Later on, the verb shifted to yodan conjugation.[1][2][3][4]
Pronunciation
[edit]- Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of 「捩じる」
| Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary | |||
| Stem forms | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Terminal (終止形) Attributive (連体形) |
捩じる | ねじる | [nèjíꜜrù] |
| Imperative (命令形) | 捩じれ | ねじれ | [nèjíꜜrè] |
| Key constructions | |||
| Passive | 捩じられる | ねじられる | [nèjíráréꜜrù] |
| Causative | 捩じらせる | ねじらせる | [nèjíráséꜜrù] |
| Potential | 捩じれる | ねじれる | [nèjíréꜜrù] |
| Volitional | 捩じろう | ねじろー | [nèjíróꜜò] |
| Negative | 捩じらない | ねじらない | [nèjíráꜜnàì] |
| Negative perfective | 捩じらなかった | ねじらなかった | [nèjíráꜜnàkàttà] |
| Formal | 捩じります | ねじります | [nèjírímáꜜsù] |
| Perfective | 捩じった | ねじった | [nèjíꜜttà] |
| Conjunctive | 捩じって | ねじって | [nèjíꜜttè] |
| Hypothetical conditional | 捩じれば | ねじれば | [nèjíꜜrèbà] |
Verb
[edit]ねじる • (nejiru) ←ねぢる (nediru)?transitive godan (stem ねじり (nejiri), past ねじった (nejitta))
| Japanese verb pair | |
|---|---|
| active | ねじる |
| mediopassive | 拗ける |
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation of "ねじる" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | ねじら | nejira | |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | ねじり | nejiri | |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | ねじる | nejiru | |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | ねじる | nejiru | |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | ねじれ | nejire | |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | ねじれ | nejire | |
| Key constructions | |||
| Passive | ねじられる | nejirareru | |
| Causative | ねじらせる ねじらす |
nejiraseru nejirasu | |
| Potential | ねじれる | nejireru | |
| Volitional | ねじろう | nejirō | |
| Negative | ねじらない | nejiranai | |
| Negative continuative | ねじらず | nejirazu | |
| Formal | ねじります | nejirimasu | |
| Perfective | ねじった | nejitta | |
| Conjunctive | ねじって | nejitte | |
| Hypothetical conditional | ねじれば | nejireba | |
References
[edit]- ^ Shinmura, Izuru, editor (1998), 広辞苑 (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
- ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN