ῥυθμός

See also: ρυθμός

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

• ῥῠσμός (rhusmós) — Ionic

Etymology

From Proto-Hellenic *hrutʰmós, corresponding to Proto-Indo-European *sru-dʰ-mo-s, ultimately from *srew- (“to flow”). Related to ῥέω (rhéō, “I flow”).

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /r̥ytʰ.mós/ → /ryθˈmos/ → /riθˈmos/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /r̥ytʰ.mós/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /rytʰˈmos/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ryθˈmos/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ryθˈmos/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /riθˈmos/

Noun

ῥῠθμός • (rhuthmós) m (genitive ῥῠθμοῦ); second declension

1. a repeating, regular motion, vibration
2. measured motion, rhythm
3. measure, proportion, symmetry
4. proportion, arrangement, order
5. state, condition
6. form, shape
7. manner, fashion

Declension

Second declension of ὁ ῥῠθμός; τοῦ ῥῠθμοῦ (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ὁ ῥῠθμός ho rhuthmós	τὼ ῥῠθμώ tṑ rhuthmṓ	οἱ ῥῠθμοί hoi rhuthmoí
Genitive	τοῦ ῥῠθμοῦ toû rhuthmoû	τοῖν ῥῠθμοῖν toîn rhuthmoîn	τῶν ῥῠθμῶν tôn rhuthmôn
Dative	τῷ ῥῠθμῷ tôi rhuthmôi	τοῖν ῥῠθμοῖν toîn rhuthmoîn	τοῖς ῥῠθμοῖς toîs rhuthmoîs
Accusative	τὸν ῥῠθμόν tòn rhuthmón	τὼ ῥῠθμώ tṑ rhuthmṓ	τοὺς ῥῠθμούς toùs rhuthmoús
Vocative	ῥῠθμέ rhuthmé	ῥῠθμώ rhuthmṓ	ῥῠθμοί rhuthmoí
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

• ἄρρυθμος (árrhuthmos, “arhythmic”)
• ἐν ῥυθμῷ (en rhuthmôi, “in time”)

Descendants

• Greek: ρυθμός (rythmós)
• → Latin: rhythmus
  • → English: rhythm
    • → Japanese: リズム
    • → Malay: ritma
    • → Korean: 리듬 (rideum)
    • → Turkish: ritim
  • Asturian: ritmu
  • Catalan: ritme
  • French: rythme
    • → Turkish: ritm
  • >? Old French: rime
    • French: rime
    • Italian: rima
    • >? Middle English: ryme, rime
      • English: rhyme
  • → Galician: ritmo
  • → German: Rhythmus
  • → Hungarian: ritmus
  • → Irish: rithim
  • Italian: ritmo
  • → Polish: rytm
  • Portuguese: ritmo
  • Romanian: ritm
  • → Russian: ритм (ritm)
  • Spanish: ritmo
  • → Swedish: rytm

Further reading

• “ῥυθμός”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “ῥυθμός”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• ῥυθμός in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• “ῥυθμός”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
• Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎^[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
  • cadence idem, page 108.
  • fashion idem, page 308.
  • kind idem, page 469.
  • manner idem, page 512.
  • measure idem, page 520.
  • regularity idem, page 687.
  • rhythm idem, page 712.
  • sort idem, page 795.
  • symmetry idem, page 850.
  • time idem, page 875.
  • uniformity idem, page 921.
• “ῥυθμός”, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011