ὄρυγμα

Ancient Greek

Etymology

From ὀρῠ́σσω (orŭ́ssō, “to dig”) +‎ -μᾰ (-mă).

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /ó.ryŋ.ma/ → /ˈo.ryɣ.ma/ → /ˈo.riɣ.ma/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /ó.ryŋ.ma/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈo.ryɡ.ma/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈo.ryɣ.ma/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈo.ryɣ.ma/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈo.riɣ.ma/

Noun

ὄρῠγμᾰ • (órŭgmă) n (genitive ὀρῠ́γμᾰτος); third declension

1. trench, ditch, moat

   Synonyms: κᾰ́πετος (kắpetos), τᾰ́φρος (tắphros)

2. tunnel, mine, excavation
3. (at Athens) pit into which condemned criminals were thrown

   Synonym: βᾰ́ρᾰθρον (bắrăthron)

Inflection

Third declension of τὸ ὄρῠγμᾰ; τοῦ ὀρῠ́γμᾰτος (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	τὸ ὄρῠγμᾰ tò órŭgmă	τὼ ὀρῠ́γμᾰτε tṑ orŭ́gmăte	τᾰ̀ ὀρῠ́γμᾰτᾰ tằ orŭ́gmătă
Genitive	τοῦ ὀρῠ́γμᾰτος toû orŭ́gmătos	τοῖν ὀρῠγμᾰ́τοιν toîn orŭgmắtoin	τῶν ὀρῠγμᾰ́των tôn orŭgmắtōn
Dative	τῷ ὀρῠ́γμᾰτῐ tôi orŭ́gmătĭ	τοῖν ὀρῠγμᾰ́τοιν toîn orŭgmắtoin	τοῖς ὀρῠ́γμᾰσῐ / ὀρῠ́γμᾰσῐν toîs orŭ́gmăsĭ(n)
Accusative	τὸ ὄρῠγμᾰ tò órŭgmă	τὼ ὀρῠ́γμᾰτε tṑ orŭ́gmăte	τᾰ̀ ὀρῠ́γμᾰτᾰ tằ orŭ́gmătă
Vocative	ὄρῠγμᾰ órŭgmă	ὀρῠ́γμᾰτε orŭ́gmăte	ὀρῠ́γμᾰτᾰ orŭ́gmătă
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Descendants

• → Translingual: Orygma

Further reading

• “ὄρυγμα”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “ὄρυγμα”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• ὄρυγμα in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette