ἴασπις

Ancient Greek

Etymology

A loanword of unclear source, but possibly Egyptian in origin. Compare Biblical Hebrew יָשְׁפֵה (yāšəfēh, “jasper”), Akkadian 𒉌𒌓𒅀𒀸𒁍 (/⁠yašpû⁠/, “name of a stone”) (whence Classical Syriac ܝܫܦܐ (jaʃpɑ(ʔ), “jasper”)). Persian یشپ (yašp) is from the same source.

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /í.as.pis/ → /ˈi.as.pis/ → /ˈi.as.pis/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /í.as.pis/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈi.as.pis/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈi.as.pis/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈi.as.pis/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈi.as.pis/

Noun

ῐ̓́ᾰσπῐς • (íaspis) f (genitive ῐ̓ᾰ́σπῐδος); third declension

1. jasper
2. black turnip (Bongardia chrysogonum)

   Synonyms: ἀρκόφθαλμον (arkóphthalmon), χρῡσόγονον (khrūsógonon)

Declension

Third declension of ἡ ῐ̓́ᾰσπῐς; τῆς ῐ̓ᾰ́σπῐδος (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ἡ ῐ̓́ᾰσπῐς hē íaspis	τὼ ῐ̓ᾰ́σπῐδε tṑ iáspide	αἱ ῐ̓ᾰ́σπῐδες hai iáspides
Genitive	τῆς ῐ̓ᾰ́σπῐδος tês iáspidos	τοῖν ῐ̓ᾰσπῐ́δοιν toîn iaspídoin	τῶν ῐ̓ᾰσπῐ́δων tôn iaspídōn
Dative	τῇ ῐ̓ᾰ́σπῐδῐ têi iáspidi	τοῖν ῐ̓ᾰσπῐ́δοιν toîn iaspídoin	ταῖς ῐ̓ᾰ́σπῐσῐ / ῐ̓ᾰ́σπῐσῐν taîs iáspisi(n)
Accusative	τὴν ῐ̓ᾰ́σπῐδᾰ tḕn iáspida	τὼ ῐ̓ᾰ́σπῐδε tṑ iáspide	τᾱ̀ς ῐ̓ᾰ́σπῐδᾰς tā̀s iáspidas
Vocative	ῐ̓́ᾰσπῐς íaspis	ῐ̓ᾰ́σπῐδε iáspide	ῐ̓ᾰ́σπῐδες iáspides
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension. Nominative singular -ς (-s) arose by reduction of the original cluster *-ds.

Derived terms

• ἰασπαχάτης (iaspakhátēs)
• ἰασπίζω (iaspízō)
• ἰασπόνυξ (iaspónux)

 

Descendants

• Latin: iaspis, jaspis (see there for further descendants)
• Old Armenian: յասպիս (yaspis), յասպի (yaspi)
• Georgian: იასპი (iasṗi)

Further reading

• “ἴασπις”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “ἴασπις”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• ἴασπις in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• G2393 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
• Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎^[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
  • jasper idem, page 462.
• Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN