ἐγκρατής

Ancient Greek

Etymology

From ἐν- (en-, “in”) +‎ κρᾰ́τος (krátos, “power”) +‎ -ής (-ḗs, adjective suffix).

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /eŋ.kra.tɛ̌ːs/ → /eŋ.ɡraˈtis/ → /eŋ.ɡraˈtis/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /eŋ.kra.tɛ̌ːs/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /eŋ.kraˈte̝s/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /eŋ.ɡraˈtis/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /eŋ.ɡraˈtis/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /eŋ.ɡraˈtis/

Adjective

ἐγκρᾰτής • (enkratḗs) m or f (neuter ἐγκρᾰτές); third declension

1. in possession of power, in charge
   • 429 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus the King 941
2. holding fast
   • 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, On Horsemanship 7.8
   • 300 BCE – 200 BCE, Septuagint, Exodus 9.2
   1. stout, strong
      • 525 BCE – 455 BCE, Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound 55
      • 442 BCE, Sophocles, Antigone 474
      • 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Hellenica 7.1.23
3. (with genitive) having possession of a thing, master of it
   • 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 8.49
   • 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 9.106
   • 409 BCE, Sophocles, Philoctetes 75
   • 442 BCE, Sophocles, Antigone 715
   • 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Phaedrus 256B:

     ἐγκρ. ἑαυτοῦ

     enkr. heautoû

     master of oneself

   • 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Memorabilia 1.2.1
   • 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Oeconomicus 12.16
   1. master of oneself, self-controlling, self-disciplined
      • 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Definitions 415D
      • 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Nicomachean Ethics 7.4.4
4. (adverbial) with a strong hand, by force
   • 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 1.76
   • 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Politics 3.13.9:

     ἐγκρ. ἔχειν τὴν ἀρχήν

     enkr. ékhein tḕn arkhḗn

   1. with self-control, temperately
      • 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Laws 710A

Inflection

Third declension of ἐγκρατής; ἐγκρατές (contracted, Attic)

Number		Singular			Dual			Plural
Case/Gender		Masculine / Feminine	Neuter		Masculine / Feminine	Neuter		Masculine / Feminine	Neuter
Nominative		ἐγκρατής enkratḗs	ἐγκρατές enkratés		ἐγκρατεῖ enkrateî	ἐγκρατεῖ enkrateî		ἐγκρατεῖς enkrateîs	ἐγκρατῆ enkratê
Genitive		ἐγκρατοῦς enkratoûs	ἐγκρατοῦς enkratoûs		ἐγκρατοῖν enkratoîn	ἐγκρατοῖν enkratoîn		ἐγκρατῶν enkratôn	ἐγκρατῶν enkratôn
Dative		ἐγκρατεῖ enkrateî	ἐγκρατεῖ enkrateî		ἐγκρατοῖν enkratoîn	ἐγκρατοῖν enkratoîn		ἐγκρατέσῐ / ἐγκρατέσῐν enkratési(n)	ἐγκρατέσῐ / ἐγκρατέσῐν enkratési(n)
Accusative		ἐγκρατῆ enkratê	ἐγκρατές enkratés		ἐγκρατεῖ enkrateî	ἐγκρατεῖ enkrateî		ἐγκρατεῖς enkrateîs	ἐγκρατῆ enkratê
Vocative		ἐγκρατές enkratés	ἐγκρατές enkratés		ἐγκρατεῖ enkrateî	ἐγκρατεῖ enkrateî		ἐγκρατεῖς enkrateîs	ἐγκρατῆ enkratê
Derived forms		Adverb			Comparative			Superlative
		ἐγκρατῶς enkratôs			ἐγκρατέστερος enkratésteros			ἐγκρατέστᾰτος enkratéstatos
Notes:		This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

• ἐγκράτεια (enkráteia)

References

• “ἐγκρατής”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “ἐγκρατής”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• ἐγκρατής in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• ἐγκρατής in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2024)
• G1468 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
• ἐγκρατής in Trapp, Erich, et al. (1994–2007) Lexikon zur byzantinischen Gräzität besonders des 9.-12. Jahrhunderts [the Lexicon of Byzantine Hellenism, Particularly the 9th–12th Centuries], Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften
• Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎^[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
  • abstinent idem, page 4.
  • chaste idem, page 127.
  • continent idem, page 168.
  • master idem, page 517.
  • mighty idem, page 528.
  • possessed idem, page 628.
  • potent idem, page 629.
  • powerful idem, page 630.
  • self-controlled idem, page 750.
  • stout idem, page 821.
  • strong idem, page 827.
  • vigorous idem, page 952.