ἅπτω
Appearance
Ancient Greek
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Hellenic *áptō, of unclear origin. There are a number of competing theories as to the origin of this word.
- Has been connected to Avestan 𐬁𐬟𐬆𐬥𐬙𐬈 (āfənte), 𐬀𐬞𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬈𐬌𐬙𐬌 (apaiieiti), Latin apō, apex, Sanskrit आप्त (āpta), and Albanian shemb, all from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ep- (“to fit, join”).
- Has also been connected with ἰάπτω (iáptō, “to send, drive forth”), ἁφή (haphḗ, “grip”) and Old Armenian ափ (apʻ, “palm”).
The present tense system includes a τ progressive aspect marker.
Pronunciation
[edit]- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /háp.tɔː/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈ(h)ap.to/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈap.to/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈap.to/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈap.to/
Verb
[edit]ᾰ̔́πτω • (háptō)
- to kindle, set on fire, fasten fire to
- to fasten to, bind fast
- to join to
- (middle voice) to fasten oneself to, cling to, hang on by, lay hold of, grasp, touch
- (middle voice) to reach the mark
- (middle voice) to engage in, take part in
- (middle voice) to set upon, attack, assail
- (middle voice) to touch, affect
- (middle voice) to grasp with the senses, apprehend, perceive
- (middle voice) to come up to, reach, gain
Inflection
[edit] Present: ᾰ̔́πτω, ᾰ̔́πτομαι
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἧπτον | ἧπτες | ἧπτε(ν) | ἥπτετον | ἡπτέτην | ἥπτομεν | ἥπτετε | ἧπτον | ||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | ἡπτόμην | ἥπτου | ἥπτετο | ἥπτεσθον | ἡπτέσθην | ἡπτόμεθᾰ | ἥπτεσθε | ἥπτοντο | ||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ᾰ̔́ψω | ᾰ̔́ψεις | ᾰ̔́ψει | ᾰ̔́ψετον | ᾰ̔́ψετον | ᾰ̔́ψομεν | ᾰ̔́ψετε | ᾰ̔́ψουσῐ(ν) | ||||
optative | ᾰ̔́ψοιμῐ | ᾰ̔́ψοις | ᾰ̔́ψοι | ᾰ̔́ψοιτον | ᾰ̔ψοίτην | ᾰ̔́ψοιμεν | ᾰ̔́ψοιτε | ᾰ̔́ψοιεν | |||||
middle | indicative | ᾰ̔́ψομαι | ᾰ̔́ψῃ, ᾰ̔́ψει |
ᾰ̔́ψεται | ᾰ̔́ψεσθον | ᾰ̔́ψεσθον | ᾰ̔ψόμεθᾰ | ᾰ̔́ψεσθε | ᾰ̔́ψονται | ||||
optative | ᾰ̔ψοίμην | ᾰ̔́ψοιο | ᾰ̔́ψοιτο | ᾰ̔́ψοισθον | ᾰ̔ψοίσθην | ᾰ̔ψοίμεθᾰ | ᾰ̔́ψοισθε | ᾰ̔́ψοιντο | |||||
passive | indicative | ᾰ̔φθήσομαι | ᾰ̔φθήσῃ | ᾰ̔φθήσεται | ᾰ̔φθήσεσθον | ᾰ̔φθήσεσθον | ᾰ̔φθησόμεθᾰ | ᾰ̔φθήσεσθε | ᾰ̔φθήσονται | ||||
optative | ᾰ̔φθησοίμην | ᾰ̔φθήσοιο | ᾰ̔φθήσοιτο | ᾰ̔φθήσοισθον | ᾰ̔φθησοίσθην | ᾰ̔φθησοίμεθᾰ | ᾰ̔φθήσοισθε | ᾰ̔φθήσοιντο | |||||
active | middle | passive | |||||||||||
infinitive | ᾰ̔́ψειν | ᾰ̔́ψεσθαι | ᾰ̔φθήσεσθαι | ||||||||||
participle | m | ᾰ̔́ψων | ᾰ̔ψόμενος | ᾰ̔φθησόμενος | |||||||||
f | ᾰ̔́ψουσᾰ | ᾰ̔ψομένη | ᾰ̔φθησομένη | ||||||||||
n | ᾰ̔́ψον | ᾰ̔ψόμενον | ᾰ̔φθησόμενον | ||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
Perfect: ἧμμαι
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | ἧμμαι | ἧψαι | ἧπται | ἧφθον | ἧφθον | ἥμμεθᾰ | ἧφθε | ἥπᾰται | ||||
subjunctive | ἡμμένος ὦ | ἡμμένος ᾖς | ἡμμένος ᾖ | ἡμμένω ἦτον | ἡμμένω ἦτον | ἡμμένοι ὦμεν | ἡμμένοι ἦτε | ἡμμένοι ὦσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | ἡμμένος εἴην | ἡμμένος εἴης | ἡμμένος εἴη | ἡμμένω εἴητον/εἶτον | ἡμμένω εἰήτην/εἴτην | ἡμμένοι εἴημεν/εἶμεν | ἡμμένοι εἴητε/εἶτε | ἡμμένοι εἴησᾰν/εἶεν | |||||
imperative | ἧψο | ἥφθω | ἧφθον | ἥφθων | ἧφθε | ἥφθων | |||||||
middle/passive | |||||||||||||
infinitive | ἧφθαι | ||||||||||||
participle | m | ἡμμένος | |||||||||||
f | ἡμμένη | ||||||||||||
n | ἡμμένον | ||||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
Pluperfect: ἥμμην
Derived terms
[edit]- ἄαπτος (áaptos)
- ἅμμα (hámma)
- ἀνάπτω (anáptō)
- ἀνθάπτομαι (antháptomai)
- ἁπτέον (haptéon)
- ἁπτικός (haptikós)
- ἁπτός (haptós)
- ἁπτώδιον (haptṓdion)
- ἀφάπτω (apháptō)
- ἁφή (haphḗ)
- ἁψικάρδιος (hapsikárdios)
- ἁψικορία (hapsikoría)
- ἁψίκορος (hapsíkoros)
- ἁψίμαχος (hapsímakhos)
- ἁψιμισία (hapsimisía)
- ἁψίς (hapsís)
- ἅψις (hápsis)
- ἅψος (hápsos)
- ἐνάπτω (enáptō)
- ἐξάπτω (exáptō)
- ἐφάπτω (epháptō)
- καθάπτομαι (katháptomai)
- μεθάπτομαι (metháptomai)
- παράπτομαι (paráptomai)
- περιάπτω (periáptō)
- προάπτω (proáptō)
- προσάπτω (prosáptō)
- συνάπτω (sunáptō)
- ὑφάπτω (hupháptō)
Descendants
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “ἅπτω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “ἅπτω”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “ἅπτω”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- ἅπτω in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
- ἅπτω in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- ἅπτω in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2024)
- “ἅπτω”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
- G681 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
- ἅπτω in Trapp, Erich, et al. (1994–2007) Lexikon zur byzantinischen Gräzität besonders des 9.-12. Jahrhunderts [the Lexicon of Byzantine Hellenism, Particularly the 9th–12th Centuries], Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften
Categories:
- Ancient Greek terms inherited from Proto-Hellenic
- Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Hellenic
- Ancient Greek terms with unknown etymologies
- Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Ancient Greek 2-syllable words
- Ancient Greek terms with IPA pronunciation
- Ancient Greek lemmas
- Ancient Greek verbs
- Ancient Greek paroxytone terms
- Ancient Greek verbs with a progressive T marker