ἄχυρον

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

ἀχυρός (akhurós)

Etymology

According to Beekes: from Pre-Greek and related to ἄχωρ (ákhōr, “scurf”) (particularly, identical to the form ἄχορα (ákhora)) and to ἄχνη (ákhnē, “foam, froth”).^[1] Note the Pre-Greek suffix *-ur-, similar to that in the synonym πίτῡρον (pítūron).^[2] The traditional connection to ἀκοστή (akostḗ, “barley”), Latin acus (“bran, awn”), etc., from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eḱ-, must be rejected.

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /á.kʰy.ron/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈa.kʰy.ron/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈa.çy.ron/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈa.çy.ron/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈa.çi.ron/

Noun

ἄχῠρον • (ákhuron) n (genitive ἀχῠ́ρου); second declension

(in the plural) chaff, bran, husks left after threshing or grinding
Synonym: πίτυρον (píturon)
(in the plural) slag from gold smelting

Inflection

Second declension of τὸ ἄχῠρον; τοῦ ἀχῠ́ρου (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	τὸ ἄχῠρον tò ákhuron	τὼ ἀχῠ́ρω tṑ akhúrō	τᾰ̀ ἄχῠρᾰ tà ákhura
Genitive	τοῦ ἀχῠ́ρου toû akhúrou	τοῖν ἀχῠ́ροιν toîn akhúroin	τῶν ἀχῠ́ρων tôn akhúrōn
Dative	τῷ ἀχῠ́ρῳ tôi akhúrōi	τοῖν ἀχῠ́ροιν toîn akhúroin	τοῖς ἀχῠ́ροις toîs akhúrois
Accusative	τὸ ἄχῠρον tò ákhuron	τὼ ἀχῠ́ρω tṑ akhúrō	τᾰ̀ ἄχῠρᾰ tà ákhura
Vocative	ἄχῠρον ákhuron	ἀχῠ́ρω akhúrō	ἄχῠρᾰ ákhura
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

ἀχυραγωγός (akhuragōgós)
ἀχυράριος (akhurários)
ἀχυρηγέω (akhurēgéō)
ἀχυρικόν (akhurikón)
ἀχύρινος (akhúrinos)
ἀχύριος (akhúrios)
ἀχυρῖτις (akhurîtis)
ἀχυρμιά (akhurmiá)
ἀχύρμιος (akhúrmios)
ἀχυρμός (akhurmós)
ἀχυροβολών (akhurobolṓn)
ἀχυροδόκη (akhurodókē)
ἀχυροθήκη (akhurothḗkē)
ἀχυροπαροξία (akhuroparoxía)
ἀχυροπράκτωρ (akhuropráktōr)
ἀχυρότριψ (akhurótrips)
ἀχυρόω (akhuróō)
ἀχυροώδης (akhuroṓdēs)
ἀχυροών (akhuroṓn)
ἀχυροώσις (akhuroṓsis)

References

^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ἄχυρα”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 185–186
^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2014) Stefan Norbruis, editor, Pre-Greek: Phonology, Morphology, Lexicon, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 8