ḫm

See also: hm, HM, .hm, h'm, H.M., and ḥm

Egyptian

FWOTD – 6 February 2020

Pronunciation

 

• (reconstructed) IPA^(key): /χaːm/ → /χaːm/ → /χoːm/

• (Old Egyptian, c. 2500 BCE) IPA^(key): /χaːm/
• (Middle Egyptian, c. 1700 BCE) IPA^(key): /χaːm/
• (latest Late Egyptian, c. 800 BCE) IPA^(key): /χoːm/

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /xɛm/
  • Conventional anglicization: khem

Verb

 2-lit.

1. (transitive) to remain ignorant of; to not know or learn
   • c. 2353 BCE – 2323 BCE, Pyramid Texts of Unas — south wall of the antechamber, line 10–11, spell 262.1:

     ḏd-mdw m ḫm wnjs nṯr sṯ ṯw rḫ.t(j) sw sṯ sw rḫ ṯw

     Recitation: Do not be ignorant of Unas, o god, since you know him, since he knows you.

Inflection

Conjugation of ḫm (biliteral / 2-lit. / 2rad.) — base stem: ḫm, geminated stem: ḫmm

infinitival forms imperative infinitive negatival complement complementary infinitive1 singular plural ḫm ḫmw, ḫm ḫmt ḫm, j.ḫm ḫm, j.ḫm ‘pseudoverbal’ forms stative stem periphrastic imperfective2 periphrastic prospective2 ḫm ḥr ḫm m ḫm r ḫm suffix conjugation aspect / mood active passive contingent aspect / mood active passive perfect ḫm.n ḫmw, ḫm consecutive ḫm.jn active + .tj1, .tw2 active + .tj1, .tw2 terminative ḫmt perfective3 ḫm active + .tj1, .tw2 obligative1 ḫm.ḫr active + .tj1, .tw2 imperfective ḫm, j.ḫm1 active + .tj1, .tw2 prospective3 ḫm ḫmm potentialis1 ḫm.kꜣ active + .tj1, .tw2 active + .tj1, .tw2 subjunctive ḫm, j.ḫm1 active + .tj1, .tw2 verbal adjectives aspect / mood relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms participles active passive active passive perfect ḫm.n active + .tj1, .tw2 — — perfective ḫm active + .tj1, .tw2 ḫm ḫmm, ḫmmj6, ḫm2, ḫmw2 5, ḫmy2 5 imperfective j.ḫm1, ḫm, ḫmy, ḫmw5 active + .tj1, .tw2 j.ḫm1, j.ḫmw1 5, ḫm, ḫmj6, ḫmy6 ḫm, ḫmw5 prospective ḫm, ḫmtj7 — ḫmtj4, ḫmt4 1 Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. 2 Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. 3 Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. 4 Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. 5 Only in the masculine singular. 6 Only in the masculine. 7 Only in the feminine.

Antonyms

• rḫ

Derived terms

• j.ḫm-wrḏ
• j.ḫm-sk
• m ḫm
• smḫ

Proper noun

  m./f. topo.

1. Letopolis
   • c. 1550 BCE – 1295 BCE, Great Hymn to Osiris (Stela of Amenmose, Louvre C 286) lines 1–2:

     špss kꜣ pw ḫnt(j) ḏdw wr ẖrt m ḫm nb hnw m ꜥnḏtj ḫnt(j) ḏf(ꜣ) m jwnw

     He is noble of ka, this foremost one of Busiris, great of possessions in Letopolis, possessor of acclaim in (the nome of) Anedjti, foremost of provisions in Heliopolis, […]

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ḫm  

ḫm

Descendants

• → English: Khem

References

• Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1929) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎^[1], volume 3, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 278.5–280.5, 280.15
• James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 284.