ḥs

See also: hs, HS, Hs, hS, h's, and H's

Egyptian

Pronunciation

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /hɛs/
  • Conventional anglicization: hes

Verb

 2-lit.

1. (intransitive) to be(come) cold or freezing [since the Middle Kingdom]

Inflection

Conjugation of ḥs (biliteral / 2-lit. / 2rad.) — base stem: ḥs, geminated stem: ḥss

infinitival forms imperative infinitive negatival complement complementary infinitive1 singular plural ḥs ḥsw, ḥs ḥst ḥs, j.ḥs ḥs, j.ḥs ‘pseudoverbal’ forms stative stem periphrastic imperfective2 periphrastic prospective2 ḥs ḥr ḥs m ḥs r ḥs suffix conjugation aspect / mood active contingent aspect / mood active perfect ḥs.n consecutive ḥs.jn terminative ḥst perfective3 ḥs obligative1 ḥs.ḫr imperfective ḥs, j.ḥs1 prospective3 ḥs potentialis1 ḥs.kꜣ subjunctive ḥs, j.ḥs1 verbal adjectives aspect / mood relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms participles active active passive perfect ḥs.n — — perfective ḥs ḥs ḥss, ḥssj6, ḥs2, ḥsw2 5, ḥsy2 5 imperfective j.ḥs1, ḥs, ḥsy, ḥsw5 j.ḥs1, j.ḥsw1 5, ḥs, ḥsj6, ḥsy6 ḥs, ḥsw5 prospective ḥs, ḥstj7 ḥstj4, ḥst4 1 Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. 2 Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. 3 Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. 4 Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. 5 Only in the masculine singular. 6 Only in the masculine. 7 Only in the feminine.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ḥs  

ḥs	ḥs	ḥs
		[12th Dynasty]
		from the Stela of Nesumontu (Louvre C1)

Noun

 m

1. (uncountable) feces, excrement (of humans or animals) [since the Pyramid Texts]

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ḥs  

ḥs	ḥs	ḥs	ḥs	ḥs
[Old Kingdom]	[Old Kingdom]	[Middle Kingdom]	[Middle Kingdom]	[New Kingdom]
				in hieratic; abbreviation

Derived terms

• mḥsḥs

Descendants

• Coptic: ϩⲟⲥ (hos)

References

• Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1929) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎^[1], volume 3, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 164.4–164.9, 166.1
• Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 177
• James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 261.