ḥs

See also: hs, HS, Hs, hS, h's, and H's

Egyptian

Pronunciation

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /hɛs/
  • Conventional anglicization: hes

Verb

 2-lit.

1. (intransitive) to be(come) cold or freezing [since the Middle Kingdom]

Inflection

Conjugation of ḥs (biliteral / 2-lit. / 2rad.) — base stem: ḥs, geminated stem: ḥss

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive1	singular	plural
ḥs	ḥsw, ḥs	ḥst	ḥs, j.ḥs	ḥs, j.ḥs

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective2		periphrastic prospective2
ḥs	ḥr ḥs	m ḥs	r ḥs

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	contingent
		aspect / mood	active
perfect	ḥs.n	consecutive	ḥs.jn
terminative	ḥst
perfective3	ḥs	obligative1	ḥs.ḫr
imperfective	ḥs, j.ḥs1
prospective3	ḥs	potentialis1	ḥs.kꜣ
subjunctive	ḥs, j.ḥs1

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms	participles
	active	active	passive
perfect	ḥs.n	—	—
perfective	ḥs	ḥs	ḥss, ḥssj6, ḥs2, ḥsw2 5, ḥsy2 5
imperfective	j.ḥs1, ḥs, ḥsy, ḥsw5	j.ḥs1, j.ḥsw1 5, ḥs, ḥsj6, ḥsy6	ḥs, ḥsw5
prospective	ḥs, ḥstj7	ḥstj4, ḥst4
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ḥs  

ḥs	ḥs	ḥs
		[12th Dynasty]
		from the Stela of Nesumontu (Louvre C1)

Noun

 m

1. (uncountable) feces, excrement (of humans or animals) [since the Pyramid Texts]

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ḥs  

ḥs	ḥs	ḥs	ḥs	ḥs
[Old Kingdom]	[Old Kingdom]	[Middle Kingdom]	[Middle Kingdom]	[New Kingdom]
				in hieratic; abbreviation

Derived terms

• mḥsḥs

 

Descendants

• Coptic: ϩⲟⲥ (hos)

References

• Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1929) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎^[1], volume 3, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 164.4–164.9, 166.1
• Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 177
• James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 261.