ḥḏ

See also: hd, H.D., hd., and HD

Egyptian

Pronunciation 1

 

• (verb infinitive): (reconstructed) IPA^(key): /ħaːcʼ/ → /ħaːtʼ/ → /ħaːtʼ/ → /ħoːtʼ/

• (verb infinitive): (Old Egyptian, c. 2500 BCE) IPA^(key): /ħaːcʼ/
• (verb infinitive): (Middle Egyptian, c. 1700 BCE) IPA^(key): /ħaːtʼ/
• (verb infinitive): (Amarna-period Late Egyptian, c. 1350 BCE) IPA^(key): /ħaːtʼ/
• (verb infinitive): (latest Late Egyptian, c. 800 BCE) IPA^(key): /ħoːtʼ/

 

• (verb stative): (reconstructed) IPA^(key): /ˈħuːcʼaw/ → /ˈħuːtʼaw/ → /ˈħuːtʼə/ → /ħeːtʼ/

• (verb stative): (Old Egyptian, c. 2500 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈħuːcʼaw/
• (verb stative): (Middle Egyptian, c. 1700 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈħuːtʼaw/
• (verb stative): (Amarna-period Late Egyptian, c. 1350 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈħuːtʼə/
• (verb stative): (latest Late Egyptian, c. 800 BCE) IPA^(key): /ħeːtʼ/

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /hɛd͡ʒ/
  • Conventional anglicization: hedj

Verb

 2-lit.

1. (intransitive) to be(come) white

Inflection

Conjugation of ḥḏ (biliteral / 2-lit. / 2rad.) — base stem: ḥḏ, geminated stem: ḥḏḏ

infinitival forms imperative infinitive negatival complement complementary infinitive1 singular plural ḥḏ ḥḏw, ḥḏ ḥḏt ḥḏ, j.ḥḏ ḥḏ, j.ḥḏ ‘pseudoverbal’ forms stative stem periphrastic imperfective2 periphrastic prospective2 ḥḏ ḥr ḥḏ m ḥḏ r ḥḏ suffix conjugation aspect / mood active contingent aspect / mood active perfect ḥḏ.n consecutive ḥḏ.jn terminative ḥḏt perfective3 ḥḏ obligative1 ḥḏ.ḫr imperfective ḥḏ, j.ḥḏ1 prospective3 ḥḏ potentialis1 ḥḏ.kꜣ subjunctive ḥḏ, j.ḥḏ1 verbal adjectives aspect / mood relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms participles active active passive perfect ḥḏ.n — — perfective ḥḏ ḥḏ ḥḏḏ, ḥḏḏj6, ḥḏ2, ḥḏw2 5, ḥḏy2 5 imperfective j.ḥḏ1, ḥḏ, ḥḏy, ḥḏw5 j.ḥḏ1, j.ḥḏw1 5, ḥḏ, ḥḏj6, ḥḏy6 ḥḏ, ḥḏw5 prospective ḥḏ, ḥḏtj7 ḥḏtj4, ḥḏt4 1 Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. 2 Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. 3 Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. 4 Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. 5 Only in the masculine singular. 6 Only in the masculine. 7 Only in the feminine.

Derived terms

• jnb-ḥḏ
• jnr ḥḏ mnḫ n rwḏt
• jnr ḥḏ nfr n rwḏt
• mꜣ-ḥḏ
• mdw-kꜣ-ḥḏ
• nḥḏt
• ḥḏw
• ḥḏ ḥr
• ḥḏ tꜣ
• t-ḥḏ

Pronunciation 2

 

• (reconstructed) IPA^(key): /ħicʼ/ → /ħitʼ/ → /ħetʼ/ → /ħetʼ/

• (Old Egyptian, c. 2500 BCE) IPA^(key): /ħicʼ/
• (Middle Egyptian, c. 1700 BCE) IPA^(key): /ħitʼ/
• (Amarna-period Late Egyptian, c. 1350 BCE) IPA^(key): /ħetʼ/
• (latest Late Egyptian, c. 800 BCE) IPA^(key): /ħetʼ/

Noun

 m

1. silver

Inflection

Declension of ḥḏ (masculine)

singular	ḥḏ
dual	ḥḏwj
plural	ḥḏw

Derived terms

• pr-ḥḏ

Descendants

• Demotic: (ḥt)
  • Coptic: ϩⲁⲧ (hat)

Verb

1. (intransitive) to set off at dawn

See also

Colors in Egyptian · (jwnw) (layout · text)
basic colors	(ḥḏ)	(km)	(dšr)	(wꜣḏ)
nonbasic colors	(qnjt)	(ḫsbḏ)	(jrtjw)

References

• James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 198, 282.