მარახული
Georgian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]As noticed by Marr, obviously related to Old Armenian մառախուղ (maṙaxuł, “fog”).[1] Ačaṙean derives მარახული (maraxuli) from it, assuming մառախուղ (maṙaxuł) is an inner-Armenian formation,[2] but that word cannot be easily explained within Armenian. Ḳaḳašvili compares to Chechen марха (marxa), Ingush морх (morx, “cloud”),[3] which go back to Proto-Nakh *maaraʁo and are suggested to be inherited from a Northeast Caucasian word with a basic meaning "cloud, rain-cloud". We may be dealing with a Northeast Caucasian borrowing, suffixed with -ული (-uli).
Noun
[edit]მარახული • (maraxuli)
- (Khevsureti) an atmospheric phenomenon similar to but different from hoar frost: during autumn grape-picking season when in the mountains there is fog and it snows a little and when the snow lays upon grass and the forest and freezes (and on the ground it melts)[4]
- Synonym: ჭირხლი (č̣irxli)
- (Pshavi) autumnal yellow color[5] (?)
- A folk poem :
- მთას მარახული მოჰკიდა,
მწყემსო, აჰყარე ცხვარია,
არ მოგწყინდაა მთაშია,
არ მოგინდაა ბარია?!- mtas maraxuli mohḳida,
mc̣q̇emso, ahq̇are cxvaria,
ar mogc̣q̇indaa mtašia,
ar mogindaa baria?!
- mtas maraxuli mohḳida,
- მთას მარახული მოჰკიდა,
Usage notes
[edit]The meaning in Pshavi is uncertain. The explanation "autumnal yellow color" is Raziḳašvili's opinion.[6]
Derived terms
[edit]- მარახლიანი (maraxliani)
- მარახულა (maraxula)
References
[edit]- ^ Č̣q̇onia, Ilia (1910) “მარახული”, in Siṭq̇vis-ḳona. Saba-sulxan orbelianis da davit čubinašvilis leksiḳonebši gamoṭovebuli siṭq̇vebi / Грузинский Глоссарий. Слова не вошедшие в словари Савы-Сулхана Орбелиани и Давида Чубинова (Материалы по яфетическому языкознанию; 1)[1], with etymologies added by N. Marr, Saint Petersburg: Academy Press, page 31
- ^ Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1977) “մառախուղ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume III, Yerevan: University Press, page 262b
- ^ Ḳaḳašvili, Diana (2021) “Kartul-naxuri leksiḳuri ṗaralelebi [Georgian–Nakh Lexical Similarities]”, in Eṭimologiuri ʒiebani (in Georgian), volume XVIII, Tbilisi, page 24 of 19–26
- ^ Šaniʒe, Aḳaḳi (1984) “მარახული”, in Kartuli ḳiloebi mtaši [Georgian Mountain Dialects] (Txzulebani tormeṭ ṭomad; 1) (in Georgian), Tbilisi: University Press, page 354a
- ^ Raziḳašvili, Tedo (1900) “Kartuli enis saunǯis masalad”, in Iveria[2] (in Georgian), number 133, Tiflis, page 3e
- ^ Raziḳašvili, Tedo (1900) “Kartuli enis saunǯis masalad”, in Iveria[3] (in Georgian), number 127, Tiflis, page 3e
Further reading
[edit]- Čikobava, Arnold et al., editors (1958), “მარახული”, in Kartuli enis ganmarṭebiti leksiḳoni [Explanatory Dictionary of the Georgian language] (in Georgian), volume 5, Tbilisi: Academy Press, column 55
- Ɣlonṭi, Aleksandre (1974) “მარახული”, in Kartul ḳilo-tkmata siṭq̇vis ḳona [Dictionary of dialectal Georgian words][4] (in Georgian), volume 1, Tbilisi: Academy Press, page 344a