ปฏิรูป

Thai

Etymology

From Pali paṭirūpa (“proper, beautiful, agreeable; forged, quack; representation, model; etc”), from paṭi (against, opposite; in response, back) + rūpa (“shape, form”); ultimately from Sanskrit प्रतिरूप (pratirūpa, idem), from प्रति (prati, idem) + रूप (rūpa, idem); equivalent to Thai ปฏิ (bpà-dtì) +‎ รูป (rûup). Compare English reform.

Pronunciation

Orthographic		ปฏิรูป p ʈ i r ū p
Phonemic		ปะ-ติ-รูบ p a – t i – r ū ɓ	[bound form] ปะ-ติ-รู-ปะ- p a – t i – r ū – p a –
Romanization	Paiboon	bpà-dtì-rûup	bpà-dtì-ruu-bpà-
	Royal Institute	pa-ti-rup	pa-ti-ru-pa-
(standard) IPA(key)		/pa˨˩.ti˨˩.ruːp̚˥˩/(R)	/pa˨˩.ti˨˩.ruː˧.pa˨˩./

Adjective

ปฏิรูป • (bpà-dtì-rûup)

1. (elegant) proper; appropriate; suitable; agreeable.

   ปฏิรูปเทส

   bpà-dtì-ruu-bpà têet

   proper location; proper locality

2. (elegant) false; fake; feigned; forged.

   มิตรปฏิรูป

   mít bpà-dtì-rûup

   false friend

Verb

ปฏิรูป • (bpà-dtì-rûup) (abstract noun การปฏิรูป)

1. to reform: to change to a better form, state, etc; to improve by alteration, abolition, etc.