हिरण्य

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• হিৰণ্য (Assamese script)
• ᬳᬶᬭᬡ᭄ᬬ (Balinese script)
• হিরণ্য (Bengali script)
• 𑰮𑰰𑰨𑰜𑰿𑰧 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀳𑀺𑀭𑀡𑁆𑀬 (Brahmi script)
• ဟိရဏျ (Burmese script)
• હિરણ્ય (Gujarati script)
• ਹਿਰਣ੍ਯ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌹𑌿𑌰𑌣𑍍𑌯 (Grantha script)
• ꦲꦶꦫꦟꦾ (Javanese script)
• 𑂯𑂱𑂩𑂝𑂹𑂨 (Kaithi script)
• ಹಿರಣ್ಯ (Kannada script)
• ហិរណ្យ (Khmer script)
• ຫິຣຓ຺ຍ (Lao script)
• ഹിരണ്യ (Malayalam script)
• ᡥᡳᡵᠠᢏᠶᠠ (Manchu script)
• 𑘮𑘱𑘨𑘜𑘿𑘧 (Modi script)
• ᠾᠢᠷᠠᢏᠶ᠎ᠠ (Mongolian script)
• 𑧎𑧒𑧈𑦼𑧠𑧇 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐴𑐶𑐬𑐞𑑂𑐫 (Newa script)
• ହିରଣ୍ଯ (Odia script)
• ꢲꢶꢬꢠ꣄ꢫ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆲𑆴𑆫𑆟𑇀𑆪 (Sharada script)
• 𑖮𑖰𑖨𑖜𑖿𑖧 (Siddham script)
• හිරණ්‍ය (Sinhalese script)
• 𑪂𑩑𑩼𑩪 𑪙𑩻 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚩𑚮𑚤𑚘𑚶𑚣 (Takri script)
• ஹிரண்ய (Tamil script)
• హిరణ్య (Telugu script)
• หิรณฺย (Thai script)
• ཧི་ར་ཎྱ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒯𑒱𑒩𑒝𑓂𑒨 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨱𑨁𑨫𑨘𑩇𑨪 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰelh₃-der.

Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ʰr̥Hanyam

Sanskrit हिरण्य (hiraṇya)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ʰr̥Hanyam (“gold”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰl̥h₃-en-yo-m, from *ǵʰelh₃- (“yellow, golden”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬰𐬀𐬭𐬀𐬦𐬌𐬌𐬀 (zarańiia, “gold”), Old Persian 𐎭𐎼𐎴𐎹 (d-r-n-y /⁠daraniya⁠/, “gold”), Russian жёлтый (žóltyj, “yellow”), English gold and yellow. Also related to हरि (hári).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɦí.ɾɐɳ.jɐ/, [ɦí.ɾɐj̃.jɐ]
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ɦi.ɾɐɳ.jɐ/

Noun

हिरण्य • (híraṇya) stem, n

1. gold
   • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 7.90.6:

     ई॒शा॒नासो॒ ये दध॑ते॒ स्व॑र्णो॒ गोभि॒रश्वे॑भि॒र्वसु॑भि॒र्हिर॑ण्यैः ।
     इन्द्र॑वायू सू॒रयो॒ विश्व॒मायु॒रर्व॑द्भिर्वी॒रैः पृत॑नासु सह्युः ॥

     īśānā́so yé dádhate svárṇo góbhiráśvebhirvásubhirhíraṇyaiḥ.
     índravāyū sūráyo víśvamā́yurárvadbhirvīráiḥ pṛ́tanāsu sahyuḥ.

     O Indra and Vayu, may these rulees who give us heavenly light with gifts of cows and horses, gold and treasures overcome in battle with their steeds and heroes through full life.

2. any vessel or ornament made of gold (as 'a golden spoon')
   • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda
   • c. 1200 BCE – 1000 BCE, Atharvaveda
3. a gold piece or coin
4. any precious metal
5. a particular measure
6. the Datura or thorn apple

Declension

Neuter a-stem declension of हिरण्य

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	हिरण्यम् (híraṇyam)	हिरण्ये (híraṇye)	हिरण्यानि (híraṇyāni) हिरण्या¹ (híraṇyā¹)
vocative	हिरण्य (híraṇya)	हिरण्ये (híraṇye)	हिरण्यानि (híraṇyāni) हिरण्या¹ (híraṇyā¹)
accusative	हिरण्यम् (híraṇyam)	हिरण्ये (híraṇye)	हिरण्यानि (híraṇyāni) हिरण्या¹ (híraṇyā¹)
instrumental	हिरण्येन (híraṇyena)	हिरण्याभ्याम् (híraṇyābhyām)	हिरण्यैः (híraṇyaiḥ) हिरण्येभिः¹ (híraṇyebhiḥ¹)
dative	हिरण्याय (híraṇyāya)	हिरण्याभ्याम् (híraṇyābhyām)	हिरण्येभ्यः (híraṇyebhyaḥ)
ablative	हिरण्यात् (híraṇyāt)	हिरण्याभ्याम् (híraṇyābhyām)	हिरण्येभ्यः (híraṇyebhyaḥ)
genitive	हिरण्यस्य (híraṇyasya)	हिरण्ययोः (híraṇyayoḥ)	हिरण्यानाम् (híraṇyānām)
locative	हिरण्ये (híraṇye)	हिरण्ययोः (híraṇyayoḥ)	हिरण्येषु (híraṇyeṣu)

• ¹Vedic

Synonyms

• सुवर्ण (suvárṇa)

Derived terms

• हिरणिन् (hiraṇín)
• हिरण्मय (hiraṇmáya)
• हिरण्यकशिपु (hiraṇyakaśipu)
• हिरण्यगर्भ (hiraṇyagarbha)
• हिरण्यय (hiraṇyáya)
• हिरण्याक्ष (hiraṇyākṣa)
• हैरण्य (hairaṇyá)

Descendants

• Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀳𑀺𑀭𑀁𑀦 (hiraṃna)
  • Ardhamagadhi Prakrit: 𑀳𑀺𑀭𑀡𑁆𑀡 (hiraṇṇa)
  • Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀳𑀺𑀭𑀡𑁆𑀡 (hiraṇṇa)
• Pali: hirañña
  • → Khmer: ហិរញ្ញ (herañ)
• Helu Prakrit:
  • Sinhalese: රන් (ran)
  • Dhivehi: ރަން (ran̊)
• → Tamil: ஹிரண்யம் (hiraṇyam), இரணியம் (iraṇiyam)
• → Bengali: হিরণ (hiron) (semi-learned)

Adjective

हिरण्य • (hiraṇya) stem

1. golden, made of gold

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of हिरण्य

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	हिरण्यः (hiraṇyaḥ)	हिरण्यौ (hiraṇyau) हिरण्या¹ (hiraṇyā¹)	हिरण्याः (hiraṇyāḥ) हिरण्यासः¹ (hiraṇyāsaḥ¹)
vocative	हिरण्य (hiraṇya)	हिरण्यौ (hiraṇyau) हिरण्या¹ (hiraṇyā¹)	हिरण्याः (hiraṇyāḥ) हिरण्यासः¹ (hiraṇyāsaḥ¹)
accusative	हिरण्यम् (hiraṇyam)	हिरण्यौ (hiraṇyau) हिरण्या¹ (hiraṇyā¹)	हिरण्यान् (hiraṇyān)
instrumental	हिरण्येन (hiraṇyena)	हिरण्याभ्याम् (hiraṇyābhyām)	हिरण्यैः (hiraṇyaiḥ) हिरण्येभिः¹ (hiraṇyebhiḥ¹)
dative	हिरण्याय (hiraṇyāya)	हिरण्याभ्याम् (hiraṇyābhyām)	हिरण्येभ्यः (hiraṇyebhyaḥ)
ablative	हिरण्यात् (hiraṇyāt)	हिरण्याभ्याम् (hiraṇyābhyām)	हिरण्येभ्यः (hiraṇyebhyaḥ)
genitive	हिरण्यस्य (hiraṇyasya)	हिरण्ययोः (hiraṇyayoḥ)	हिरण्यानाम् (hiraṇyānām)
locative	हिरण्ये (hiraṇye)	हिरण्ययोः (hiraṇyayoḥ)	हिरण्येषु (hiraṇyeṣu)

• ¹Vedic

Feminine ā-stem declension of हिरण्या

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	हिरण्या (hiraṇyā)	हिरण्ये (hiraṇye)	हिरण्याः (hiraṇyāḥ)
vocative	हिरण्ये (hiraṇye)	हिरण्ये (hiraṇye)	हिरण्याः (hiraṇyāḥ)
accusative	हिरण्याम् (hiraṇyām)	हिरण्ये (hiraṇye)	हिरण्याः (hiraṇyāḥ)
instrumental	हिरण्यया (hiraṇyayā) हिरण्या¹ (hiraṇyā¹)	हिरण्याभ्याम् (hiraṇyābhyām)	हिरण्याभिः (hiraṇyābhiḥ)
dative	हिरण्यायै (hiraṇyāyai)	हिरण्याभ्याम् (hiraṇyābhyām)	हिरण्याभ्यः (hiraṇyābhyaḥ)
ablative	हिरण्यायाः (hiraṇyāyāḥ) हिरण्यायै² (hiraṇyāyai²)	हिरण्याभ्याम् (hiraṇyābhyām)	हिरण्याभ्यः (hiraṇyābhyaḥ)
genitive	हिरण्यायाः (hiraṇyāyāḥ) हिरण्यायै² (hiraṇyāyai²)	हिरण्ययोः (hiraṇyayoḥ)	हिरण्यानाम् (hiraṇyānām)
locative	हिरण्यायाम् (hiraṇyāyām)	हिरण्ययोः (hiraṇyayoḥ)	हिरण्यासु (hiraṇyāsu)

• ¹Vedic
• ²Brāhmaṇas

Neuter a-stem declension of हिरण्य

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	हिरण्यम् (hiraṇyam)	हिरण्ये (hiraṇye)	हिरण्यानि (hiraṇyāni) हिरण्या¹ (hiraṇyā¹)
vocative	हिरण्य (hiraṇya)	हिरण्ये (hiraṇye)	हिरण्यानि (hiraṇyāni) हिरण्या¹ (hiraṇyā¹)
accusative	हिरण्यम् (hiraṇyam)	हिरण्ये (hiraṇye)	हिरण्यानि (hiraṇyāni) हिरण्या¹ (hiraṇyā¹)
instrumental	हिरण्येन (hiraṇyena)	हिरण्याभ्याम् (hiraṇyābhyām)	हिरण्यैः (hiraṇyaiḥ) हिरण्येभिः¹ (hiraṇyebhiḥ¹)
dative	हिरण्याय (hiraṇyāya)	हिरण्याभ्याम् (hiraṇyābhyām)	हिरण्येभ्यः (hiraṇyebhyaḥ)
ablative	हिरण्यात् (hiraṇyāt)	हिरण्याभ्याम् (hiraṇyābhyām)	हिरण्येभ्यः (hiraṇyebhyaḥ)
genitive	हिरण्यस्य (hiraṇyasya)	हिरण्ययोः (hiraṇyayoḥ)	हिरण्यानाम् (hiraṇyānām)
locative	हिरण्ये (hiraṇye)	हिरण्ययोः (hiraṇyayoḥ)	हिरण्येषु (hiraṇyeṣu)

• ¹Vedic

References

• Monier Williams (1899) “हिरण्य”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1299, column 3.
• Apte, Vaman Shivram (1890) “हिरण्य”, in The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary, Poona: Prasad Prakashan
• Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 816