शील

See also: शाल, शाला, शिला, शूल्, शीला, शूल, and -शाली

Hindi

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit शील (śīla).

Pronunciation

• (Delhi) IPA^(key): /ʃiːl/

Noun

शील • (śīl) m (Urdu spelling شیل)

1. character, nature
2. virtuous nature
3. virtuous, moral or decent conduct, morality
4. moral quality or principle

Declension

Declension of शील (masc cons-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	शील śīl	शील śīl
oblique	शील śīl	शीलों śīlõ
vocative	शील śīl	शीलो śīlo

Related terms

• पंचशील (pañcśīl, “Pancasila”)
• -शील (-śīl, “disposed to”)
• शील-स्वभाव (śīl-svabhāv, “moral character”)
• शीलवान (śīlvān, “of good nature, moral”)
• शीलवती (śīlavtī)
• शैली (śailī, “nature, style, manner”) (vṛddhi derivative)

References

• McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “शील”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• শীল (Assamese script)
• ᬰᬷᬮ (Balinese script)
• শীল (Bengali script)
• 𑰫𑰱𑰩 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀰𑀻𑀮 (Brahmi script)
• ၐီလ (Burmese script)
• શીલ (Gujarati script)
• ਸ਼ੀਲ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌶𑍀𑌲 (Grantha script)
• ꦯꦷꦭ (Javanese script)
• 𑂬𑂲𑂪 (Kaithi script)
• ಶೀಲ (Kannada script)
• ឝីល (Khmer script)
• ຨີລ (Lao script)
• ശീല (Malayalam script)
• ᡧᡳᡳᠯᠠ (Manchu script)
• 𑘫𑘲𑘩 (Modi script)
• ᠱᠢᠢᠯᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
• 𑧋𑧓𑧉 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐱𑐷𑐮 (Newa script)
• ଶୀଲ (Odia script)
• ꢯꢷꢭ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆯𑆵𑆬 (Sharada script)
• 𑖫𑖱𑖩 (Siddham script)
• ශීල (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩿𑩑𑩛𑩽 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚧𑚯𑚥 (Takri script)
• ஶீல (Tamil script)
• శీల (Telugu script)
• ศีล (Thai script)
• ཤཱི་ལ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒬𑒲𑒪 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨮𑨁𑨊𑨬 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

Probably a derivative of शी (śī, “to lie down, rest”), with semantic interpretation as "that (such as morals, customs, and personal philosophy) which rests (firmly or unchangingly) within someone". "the moral ways that rest (within a person or society)".

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɕíː.lɐ/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ɕiː.l̪ɐ/

Noun

शील • (śī́la) stem, n

1. conduct, disposition, nature, tendency
2. custom, practice, natural or acquired way of living or acting
3. beauty, form
4. (Buddhism) morality, virtue, ethics

Declension

Neuter a-stem declension of शील
Nom. sg.	शीलम् (śīlam)
Gen. sg.	शीलस्य (śīlasya)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	शीलम् (śīlam)	शीले (śīle)	शीलानि (śīlāni)
Accusative	शीलम् (śīlam)	शीले (śīle)	शीलानि (śīlāni)
Instrumental	शीलेन (śīlena)	शीलाभ्याम् (śīlābhyām)	शीलैः (śīlaiḥ)
Dative	शीलाय (śīlāya)	शीलाभ्याम् (śīlābhyām)	शीलेभ्यः (śīlebhyaḥ)
Ablative	शीलात् (śīlāt)	शीलाभ्याम् (śīlābhyām)	शीलेभ्यः (śīlebhyaḥ)
Genitive	शीलस्य (śīlasya)	शीलयोः (śīlayoḥ)	शीलानाम् (śīlānām)
Locative	शीले (śīle)	शीलयोः (śīlayoḥ)	शीलेषु (śīleṣu)
Vocative	शील (śīla)	शीले (śīle)	शीलानि (śīlāni)

Derived terms

• पञ्चशील (pañcaśīla)

Descendants

• Javanese: ꦯꦷꦭ (shīla)
• → Malay: sila (learned)
  • Indonesian: sila
• → Old Javanese: śīla (“moral character; action, conduct”)
  • → Balinese: ᬰᬶᬮ (sila, “conduct”)
• Pali: sīla
  • → Burmese: သီလ (sila.)
  • → Khmer: សីល (səl)
  • → Lao: ສິນ (sin)
  • → Lü: ᦉᦲᧃ (ṡiin)
  • → Northern Thai: ᩈᩦ᩠ᩃ
  • → Shan: သီႇလႃႉ (sìi lâ̰a), သိၼ် (sǐn)
  • → Sinhalese: සීල (sīla)
  • → Thai: สีล (sǐil)
• → Thai: ศีล (sǐin) (learned)

Further reading

• Monier Williams (1899) “शील”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1079/1.