शिष्ट

Hindi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit शिष्ट (śiṣṭá). Doublet of सीठा (sīṭhā).

Pronunciation

• (Delhi) IPA^(key): /ʃɪʂʈ/

Adjective

शिष्ट • (śiṣṭ) (indeclinable)

1. left over, remaining

   Synonyms: बाक़ी (bāqī), शेष (śeṣ), बचा हुआ (bacā huā)

2. well behaved, polite
3. elegant, suave
4. genteel, courteous

Marathi

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɕiʂ.ʈə/
• Hyphenation: शिष्‧ट, शि‧ष्ट
• Rhymes: -ə

Etymology 1

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit शिष्ट (śiṣṭá). First attested as Old Marathi 𑘫𑘲𑘬𑘿𑘘 (śīṣṭa).

Adjective

शिष्ट • (śiṣṭa) (indeclinable)

1. respectable, educated, cultured, learned

Derived terms

• शिष्टमंडळ (śiṣṭamaṇḍaḷ)
• शिष्टसंप्रदाय (śiṣṭasampradāy)
• शिष्टसंमत (śiṣṭasammat)
• शिष्टाई (śiṣṭāī)
• शिष्टागम (śiṣṭāgam)
• शिष्टाचार (śiṣṭācār)

Etymology 2

A pejorative semantic shift of the learned borrowing from Sanskrit.

Adjective

शिष्ट • (śiṣṭa) (indeclinable)

1. self-righteous, conceited, stuck-up, snobbish

Derived terms

• शिष्टपणा (śiṣṭapaṇā)

Further reading

More information

• Berntsen, Maxine (1982–1983) “शिष्ट”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary‎^[1], New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies, page 147
• Molesworth, James Thomas (1857) “शिष्ट”, in A dictionary, Marathi and English, Bombay: Printed for government at the Bombay Education Society's Press, page 793
• दाते, यशवंत रामकृष्ण [Date, Yashwant Ramkrishna] (1932-1950) “शिष्ट”, in महाराष्ट्र शब्दकोश (mahārāṣṭra śabdakoś) (in Marathi), पुणे [Pune]: महाराष्ट्र कोशमंडळ (mahārāṣṭra kośmaṇḍaḷ), page 2945.

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• শিষ্ট (Assamese script)
• ᬰᬶᬱ᭄ᬝ (Balinese script)
• শিষ্ট (Bengali script)
• 𑰫𑰰𑰬𑰿𑰘 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀰𑀺𑀱𑁆𑀝 (Brahmi script)
• ၐိၑ္ဋ (Burmese script)
• શિષ્ટ (Gujarati script)
• ਸ਼ਿਸ਼੍ਟ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌶𑌿𑌷𑍍𑌟 (Grantha script)
• ꦯꦶꦰ꧀ꦛ (Javanese script)
• 𑂬𑂱𑂭𑂹𑂗 (Kaithi script)
• ಶಿಷ್ಟ (Kannada script)
• ឝិឞ្ដ (Khmer script)
• ຨິຩ຺ຏ (Lao script)
• ശിഷ്ട (Malayalam script)
• ᡧᡳᢢᢞᠠ (Manchu script)
• 𑘫𑘱𑘬𑘿𑘘 (Modi script)
• ᠱᠢᢔᢌᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
• 𑧋𑧒𑧌𑧠𑦸 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐱𑐶𑐲𑑂𑐚 (Newa script)
• ଶିଷ୍ଟ (Odia script)
• ꢯꢶꢰ꣄ꢜ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆯𑆴𑆰𑇀𑆛 (Sharada script)
• 𑖫𑖰𑖬𑖿𑖘 (Siddham script)
• ශිෂ‍්ට (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩿𑩑𑪀 𑪙𑩦 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚧𑚮𑚶𑚔 (Takri script)
• ஶிஷ்ட (Tamil script)
• శిష్ట (Telugu script)
• ศิษฺฏ (Thai script)
• ཤི་ཥྚ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒬𑒱𑒭𑓂𑒙 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨮𑨁𑨯𑩇𑨔 (Zanabazar Square script)

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɕiʂ.ʈɐ́/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ˈɕiʂ.ʈɐ/

Etymology 1

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *śiṣṭás (“left over”), from *śiṣ- (“to remain”), of uncertain origin. Compare also Mari šište (“beeswax”), Mordvin šta (“beeswax”), inherited from a Proto-Indo-Aryan borrowing.

Adjective

शिष्ट • (śiṣṭá)

1. left, remaining, escaped, residual (often at the end of a compound)

   नलशिष्ट (nala-śiṣṭá) — having only the stem left

Noun

शिष्ट • (śiṣṭá) stem, n

1. anything that remains or is left, remains, remnant

Descendants

• Prakrit:
  • Assamese: সিটা (xita)
  • Hindi: सीठा (sīṭhā)
• → Hindi: शिष्ट (śiṣṭ)
• → Malayalam: ശിഷ്ടം (śiṣṭaṁ)
• → Old Javanese: śiṣṭa

Etymology 2

Past passive participle of शास् (śās, “to teach”).

Adjective

शिष्ट • (śiṣṭá)

1. taught, directed, ordered, commanded (applied to persons and things)
2. disciplined, cultured, educated, learned, wise (m. a learned or well-educated or wise man)
3. eminent, superior

Descendants

• → Old Javanese: śiṣṭa

Noun

शिष्ट • (śiṣṭá) stem, m

1. chief
2. courtier, counsellor
3. learned or well-educated or wise man

Noun

शिष्ट • (śiṣṭá) stem, n

1. precept, rule

References

• Monier Williams (1899) “शिष्ट”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, pages 1069/3, 1076/3.
• Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[2] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 655
• Mayrhofer, Manfred (1976) Kurzgefasstes Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindischen [A Concise Etymological Sanskrit Dictionary]‎^[3] (in German), volume 3, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 348
• Cheung, Johnny (2007) Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 343