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शिथिर

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Sanskrit

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Alternative scripts

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Etymology

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An Old Indo-Aryan corruption of an earlier *śṛthirá.[1][2][3] Compare the dialectal variant शिथिल (śithilá), Pali saṭhila, Prakrit 𑀲𑀠𑀺𑀮 (saḍhila), 𑀲𑀺𑀠𑀺𑀮 (siḍhila). Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ḱr̥th₂-ró-s,[1] from *ḱreth₂-. Compare Old English hreddan. The Sanskrit root is श्रथ् (śrath, to be loosened or untied).[2][3]

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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शिथिर (śithirá) stem[3][4][5][6]

  1. loose, slack, flexible, relaxed, flaccid
    • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 6.58.2.2:
      अष्ट्रां॑ पू॒षा शि॑थि॒राम् उ॒द्वरी॑वृजत् सं॒चक्षा॑णो॒ भुव॑ना दे॒व ई॑यते ॥
      áṣṭrāṃ pūṣā́ śithirā́m udvárīvṛjat saṃcákṣāṇo bhúvanā devá īyate.
      Brandishing here and there his slack whip, beholding every creature, Pūṣan, the god, goes forth.
    • c. 1200 BCE – 1000 BCE, Atharvaveda 10.2.3.1:
      चतुष्टयं युजते संहितान्तं जानुभ्यामूर्ध्वं शिथिरं कबन्धम् ।
      catuṣṭayaṃ yujate saṃhitāntaṃ jānubhyāmūrdhvaṃ śithiraṃ kabandham.
      A fourfold frame is fixed with ends connected, and up above the knees a loose belly.

Declension

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Masculine a-stem declension of शिथिर (śithirá)
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative शिथिरः
śithiráḥ
शिथिरौ / शिथिरा¹
śithiraú / śithirā́¹
शिथिराः / शिथिरासः¹
śithirā́ḥ / śithirā́saḥ¹
Vocative शिथिर
śíthira
शिथिरौ / शिथिरा¹
śíthirau / śíthirā¹
शिथिराः / शिथिरासः¹
śíthirāḥ / śíthirāsaḥ¹
Accusative शिथिरम्
śithirám
शिथिरौ / शिथिरा¹
śithiraú / śithirā́¹
शिथिरान्
śithirā́n
Instrumental शिथिरेण
śithiréṇa
शिथिराभ्याम्
śithirā́bhyām
शिथिरैः / शिथिरेभिः¹
śithiraíḥ / śithirébhiḥ¹
Dative शिथिराय
śithirā́ya
शिथिराभ्याम्
śithirā́bhyām
शिथिरेभ्यः
śithirébhyaḥ
Ablative शिथिरात्
śithirā́t
शिथिराभ्याम्
śithirā́bhyām
शिथिरेभ्यः
śithirébhyaḥ
Genitive शिथिरस्य
śithirásya
शिथिरयोः
śithiráyoḥ
शिथिराणाम्
śithirā́ṇām
Locative शिथिरे
śithiré
शिथिरयोः
śithiráyoḥ
शिथिरेषु
śithiréṣu
Notes
  • ¹Vedic
Feminine ā-stem declension of शिथिरा (śithirā́)
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative शिथिरा
śithirā́
शिथिरे
śithiré
शिथिराः
śithirā́ḥ
Vocative शिथिरे
śíthire
शिथिरे
śíthire
शिथिराः
śíthirāḥ
Accusative शिथिराम्
śithirā́m
शिथिरे
śithiré
शिथिराः
śithirā́ḥ
Instrumental शिथिरया / शिथिरा¹
śithiráyā / śithirā́¹
शिथिराभ्याम्
śithirā́bhyām
शिथिराभिः
śithirā́bhiḥ
Dative शिथिरायै
śithirā́yai
शिथिराभ्याम्
śithirā́bhyām
शिथिराभ्यः
śithirā́bhyaḥ
Ablative शिथिरायाः / शिथिरायै²
śithirā́yāḥ / śithirā́yai²
शिथिराभ्याम्
śithirā́bhyām
शिथिराभ्यः
śithirā́bhyaḥ
Genitive शिथिरायाः / शिथिरायै²
śithirā́yāḥ / śithirā́yai²
शिथिरयोः
śithiráyoḥ
शिथिराणाम्
śithirā́ṇām
Locative शिथिरायाम्
śithirā́yām
शिथिरयोः
śithiráyoḥ
शिथिरासु
śithirā́su
Notes
  • ¹Vedic
  • ²Brāhmaṇas
Neuter a-stem declension of शिथिर (śithirá)
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative शिथिरम्
śithirám
शिथिरे
śithiré
शिथिराणि / शिथिरा¹
śithirā́ṇi / śithirā́¹
Vocative शिथिर
śíthira
शिथिरे
śíthire
शिथिराणि / शिथिरा¹
śíthirāṇi / śíthirā¹
Accusative शिथिरम्
śithirám
शिथिरे
śithiré
शिथिराणि / शिथिरा¹
śithirā́ṇi / śithirā́¹
Instrumental शिथिरेण
śithiréṇa
शिथिराभ्याम्
śithirā́bhyām
शिथिरैः / शिथिरेभिः¹
śithiraíḥ / śithirébhiḥ¹
Dative शिथिराय
śithirā́ya
शिथिराभ्याम्
śithirā́bhyām
शिथिरेभ्यः
śithirébhyaḥ
Ablative शिथिरात्
śithirā́t
शिथिराभ्याम्
śithirā́bhyām
शिथिरेभ्यः
śithirébhyaḥ
Genitive शिथिरस्य
śithirásya
शिथिरयोः
śithiráyoḥ
शिथिराणाम्
śithirā́ṇām
Locative शिथिरे
śithiré
शिथिरयोः
śithiráyoḥ
शिथिरेषु
śithiréṣu
Notes
  • ¹Vedic

References

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  1. 1.0 1.1 Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) “ŚRATH¹”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎[1] (in German), volume II, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 663
  2. 2.0 2.1 Woolner, Alfred Cooper, An Introduction to Prakrit‎, Calcutta: Baptist Mission Press, 1917, page 9.
  3. 3.0 3.1 3.2 Monier Williams (1899) “शिथिर”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, [], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1071.
  4. ^ Apte, Vaman Shivram (1890) “शिथिर”, in The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary, Poona: Prasad Prakashan, page 1551
  5. ^ Hellwig, Oliver (2010-2024) “śithira”, in DCS - The Digital Corpus of Sanskrit, Berlin, Germany.
  6. ^ Arthur Anthony Macdonell (1893) “शिथिर”, in A practical Sanskrit dictionary with transliteration, accentuation, and etymological analysis throughout, London: Oxford University Press, page 313