शारीर

Sanskrit

FWOTD – 13 August 2024

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• শাৰীৰ (Assamese script)
• ᬰᬵᬭᬷᬭ (Balinese script)
• শারীর (Bengali script)
• 𑰫𑰯𑰨𑰱𑰨 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀰𑀸𑀭𑀻𑀭 (Brahmi script)
• ၐာရီရ (Burmese script)
• શારીર (Gujarati script)
• ਸ਼ਾਰੀਰ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌶𑌾𑌰𑍀𑌰 (Grantha script)
• ꦯꦴꦫꦷꦫ (Javanese script)
• 𑂬𑂰𑂩𑂲𑂩 (Kaithi script)
• ಶಾರೀರ (Kannada script)
• ឝារីរ (Khmer script)
• ຨາຣີຣ (Lao script)
• ശാരീര (Malayalam script)
• ᡧᠠ᠎᠊ᠠᡵᡳᡳᡵᠠ (Manchu script)
• 𑘫𑘰𑘨𑘲𑘨 (Modi script)
• ᠱᠠᢗᠷᠢᠢᠷᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
• 𑧋𑧑𑧈𑧓𑧈 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐱𑐵𑐬𑐷𑐬 (Newa script)
• ଶାରୀର (Odia script)
• ꢯꢵꢬꢷꢬ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆯𑆳𑆫𑆵𑆫 (Sharada script)
• 𑖫𑖯𑖨𑖱𑖨 (Siddham script)
• ශාරීර (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩿𑩛𑩼𑩑𑩛𑩼 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚧𑚭𑚤𑚯𑚤 (Takri script)
• ஶாரீர (Tamil script)
• శారీర (Telugu script)
• ศารีร (Thai script)
• ཤཱ་རཱི་ར (Tibetan script)
• 𑒬𑒰𑒩𑒲𑒩 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨮𑨊𑨫𑨁𑨊𑨫 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

Vṛddhi derivative of शरीर (śárīra).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɕɑː.ɾiː.ɾɐ́/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ɕɑːˈɾiː.ɾɐ/

Adjective

शारीर • (śārīrá) stem

1. bodily, corporal, physical
   • c. 700 BCE, Śatapatha Brāhmaṇa
   • c. 500 BCE – 100 BCE, Rāmāyaṇa 2.16.12:

     विवर्णवदनो दीनो न हि मामभिभाषते ।
     शारीरो मानसो वापि कच्चिदेनं न बाधते ।
     संतापो वाभितापो वा दुर्लभं हि सदा सुखम् ॥

     vivarṇavadano dīno na hi māmabhibhāṣate.
     śārīro mānaso vāpi kaccidenaṃ na bādhate.
     saṃtāpo vābhitāpo vā durlabhaṃ hi sadā sukham.

     Pale-faced and depressed, he does not talk to me. Is he subject to any physical or mental distress? Eternal happiness is indeed very rare.

2. (rare) made of bones
   • c. 600 BCE – 600 CE, Suśruta, Suśruta Saṃhitā
3. incorporate, embodied

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of शारीर (śārīrá)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	शारीरः śārīráḥ	शारीरौ / शारीरा¹ śārīraú / śārīrā́¹	शारीराः / शारीरासः¹ śārīrā́ḥ / śārīrā́saḥ¹
Vocative	शारीर śā́rīra	शारीरौ / शारीरा¹ śā́rīrau / śā́rīrā¹	शारीराः / शारीरासः¹ śā́rīrāḥ / śā́rīrāsaḥ¹
Accusative	शारीरम् śārīrám	शारीरौ / शारीरा¹ śārīraú / śārīrā́¹	शारीरान् śārīrā́n
Instrumental	शारीरेण śārīréṇa	शारीराभ्याम् śārīrā́bhyām	शारीरैः / शारीरेभिः¹ śārīraíḥ / śārīrébhiḥ¹
Dative	शारीराय śārīrā́ya	शारीराभ्याम् śārīrā́bhyām	शारीरेभ्यः śārīrébhyaḥ
Ablative	शारीरात् śārīrā́t	शारीराभ्याम् śārīrā́bhyām	शारीरेभ्यः śārīrébhyaḥ
Genitive	शारीरस्य śārīrásya	शारीरयोः śārīráyoḥ	शारीराणाम् śārīrā́ṇām
Locative	शारीरे śārīré	शारीरयोः śārīráyoḥ	शारीरेषु śārīréṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Feminine ī-stem declension of शारीरी (śārīrī́)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	शारीरी śārīrī́	शारीर्यौ / शारीरी¹ śārīryaù / śārīrī́¹	शारीर्यः / शारीरीः¹ śārīryàḥ / śārīrī́ḥ¹
Vocative	शारीरि śā́rīri	शारीर्यौ / शारीरी¹ śā́rīryau / śā́rīrī¹	शारीर्यः / शारीरीः¹ śā́rīryaḥ / śā́rīrīḥ¹
Accusative	शारीरीम् śārīrī́m	शारीर्यौ / शारीरी¹ śārīryaù / śārīrī́¹	शारीरीः śārīrī́ḥ
Instrumental	शारीर्या śārīryā́	शारीरीभ्याम् śārīrī́bhyām	शारीरीभिः śārīrī́bhiḥ
Dative	शारीर्यै śārīryaí	शारीरीभ्याम् śārīrī́bhyām	शारीरीभ्यः śārīrī́bhyaḥ
Ablative	शारीर्याः / शारीर्यै² śārīryā́ḥ / śārīryaí²	शारीरीभ्याम् śārīrī́bhyām	शारीरीभ्यः śārīrī́bhyaḥ
Genitive	शारीर्याः / शारीर्यै² śārīryā́ḥ / śārīryaí²	शारीर्योः śārīryóḥ	शारीरीणाम् śārīrī́ṇām
Locative	शारीर्याम् śārīryā́m	शारीर्योः śārīryóḥ	शारीरीषु śārīrī́ṣu
Notes	¹Vedic ²Brāhmaṇas

Neuter a-stem declension of शारीर (śārīrá)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	शारीरम् śārīrám	शारीरे śārīré	शारीराणि / शारीरा¹ śārīrā́ṇi / śārīrā́¹
Vocative	शारीर śā́rīra	शारीरे śā́rīre	शारीराणि / शारीरा¹ śā́rīrāṇi / śā́rīrā¹
Accusative	शारीरम् śārīrám	शारीरे śārīré	शारीराणि / शारीरा¹ śārīrā́ṇi / śārīrā́¹
Instrumental	शारीरेण śārīréṇa	शारीराभ्याम् śārīrā́bhyām	शारीरैः / शारीरेभिः¹ śārīraíḥ / śārīrébhiḥ¹
Dative	शारीराय śārīrā́ya	शारीराभ्याम् śārīrā́bhyām	शारीरेभ्यः śārīrébhyaḥ
Ablative	शारीरात् śārīrā́t	शारीराभ्याम् śārīrā́bhyām	शारीरेभ्यः śārīrébhyaḥ
Genitive	शारीरस्य śārīrásya	शारीरयोः śārīráyoḥ	शारीराणाम् śārīrā́ṇām
Locative	शारीरे śārīré	शारीरयोः śārīráyoḥ	शारीरेषु śārīréṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Descendants

• Prakrit: 𑀲𑀸𑀭𑀻𑀭 (sārīra)

Noun

शारीर • (śārīra) stem, n

1. bodily constitution; physical makeup
   • c. 400 BCE, Mahābhārata
2. anatomy; science of the body
   • c. 600 BCE – 600 CE, Suśruta, Suśruta Saṃhitā
3. faeces, excrement
   • c. 200 BCE – 200 CE, Manusmṛti 11.203:

     विनाद्भिरप्सु वाप्यार्तः शारीरं संनिवेश्य च ।
     सचैलो बहिराप्लुत्य गामालभ्य विशुध्यति ॥

     vinādbhirapsu vāpyārtaḥ śārīraṃ saṃniveśya ca.
     sacailo bahirāplutya gāmālabhya viśudhyati.

     He who has relieved himself of excrement, being greatly pressed, either without using water or in water, becomes pure by bathing outside (the village) in his clothes and by touching a cow.

4. the embodied soul or spirit

Declension

Neuter a-stem declension of शारीर (śārīrá)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	शारीरम् śārīrám	शारीरे śārīré	शारीराणि / शारीरा¹ śārīrā́ṇi / śārīrā́¹
Vocative	शारीर śā́rīra	शारीरे śā́rīre	शारीराणि / शारीरा¹ śā́rīrāṇi / śā́rīrā¹
Accusative	शारीरम् śārīrám	शारीरे śārīré	शारीराणि / शारीरा¹ śārīrā́ṇi / śārīrā́¹
Instrumental	शारीरेण śārīréṇa	शारीराभ्याम् śārīrā́bhyām	शारीरैः / शारीरेभिः¹ śārīraíḥ / śārīrébhiḥ¹
Dative	शारीराय śārīrā́ya	शारीराभ्याम् śārīrā́bhyām	शारीरेभ्यः śārīrébhyaḥ
Ablative	शारीरात् śārīrā́t	शारीराभ्याम् śārīrā́bhyām	शारीरेभ्यः śārīrébhyaḥ
Genitive	शारीरस्य śārīrásya	शारीरयोः śārīráyoḥ	शारीराणाम् śārīrā́ṇām
Locative	शारीरे śārīré	शारीरयोः śārīráyoḥ	शारीरेषु śārīréṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

References

• Monier Williams (1899) “शारीर”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1066, column 2.
• Hellwig, Oliver (2010-2024) “śārīra”, in DCS - The Digital Corpus of Sanskrit, Berlin, Germany.
• Apte, Vaman Shivram (1890) “शारीर”, in The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary, Poona: Prasad Prakashan, page 1546
• Arthur Anthony Macdonell (1893) “शारीर”, in A practical Sanskrit dictionary with transliteration, accentuation, and etymological analysis throughout, London: Oxford University Press, page 312