शाप

Hindi

Alternative forms

• श्राप (śrāp)
• सराप (sarāp)

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit शाप (śāpa).

Pronunciation

• (Delhi) IPA^(key): /ʃɑːp/, [ʃäːp]

Noun

शाप • (śāp) m (Urdu spelling شاپ)

1. curse, bane

   Synonym: अभिशाप (abhiśāp)

Declension

Declension of शाप (masc cons-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	शाप śāp	शाप śāp
oblique	शाप śāp	शापों śāpõ
vocative	शाप śāp	शापो śāpo

Derived terms

• शाप देना (śāp denā, “to accurse, to damn”)
• शापग्रस्त (śāpagrast, “accursed, maledict”)
• शापमुक्त (śāpmukt, “curse-free”)

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• শাপ (Assamese script)
• ᬰᬵᬧ (Balinese script)
• শাপ (Bengali script)
• 𑰫𑰯𑰢 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀰𑀸𑀧 (Brahmi script)
• ၐာပ (Burmese script)
• શાપ (Gujarati script)
• ਸ਼ਾਪ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌶𑌾𑌪 (Grantha script)
• ꦯꦴꦥ (Javanese script)
• 𑂬𑂰𑂣 (Kaithi script)
• ಶಾಪ (Kannada script)
• ឝាប (Khmer script)
• ຨາປ (Lao script)
• ശാപ (Malayalam script)
• ᡧᠠ᠎᠊ᠠᢒᠠ (Manchu script)
• 𑘫𑘰𑘢 (Modi script)
• ᠱᠠᢗᢒᠠ (Mongolian script)
• 𑧋𑧑𑧂 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐱𑐵𑐥 (Newa script)
• ଶାପ (Odia script)
• ꢯꢵꢦ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆯𑆳𑆥 (Sharada script)
• 𑖫𑖯𑖢 (Siddham script)
• ශාප (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩿𑩛𑩰 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚧𑚭𑚞 (Takri script)
• ஶாப (Tamil script)
• శాప (Telugu script)
• ศาป (Thai script)
• ཤཱ་པ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒬𑒰𑒣 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨮𑨊𑨞 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

Vṛddhi derivative of the root शप् (śap, “to curse”). Compare Persian سب (sab, “curse, insult”).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɕɑː.pɐ/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ɕɑː.pɐ/

Noun

शाप • (śāpa) stem, m

1. spell
2. ban
3. curse
   • c. 400 CE, Kālidāsa, Raghuvaṃśa 1.78:

     स शापो न त्वया राजन्न च सारथिना श्रुतः।
     नदत्याकाशगङ्गायाः स्रोतस्युद्दमदिग्गजे

     sa śāpo na tvayā rājanna ca sārathinā śrutaḥ.
     nadatyākāśagaṅgāyāḥ srotasyuddamadiggaje

     ”O king! Not you, nor the charioteer did hear that curse because there were
     legendary elephants rutty amid the strident torrents of the celestial Ganga”

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of शाप

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	शापः (śāpaḥ)	शापौ (śāpau) शापा¹ (śāpā¹)	शापाः (śāpāḥ) शापासः¹ (śāpāsaḥ¹)
vocative	शाप (śāpa)	शापौ (śāpau) शापा¹ (śāpā¹)	शापाः (śāpāḥ) शापासः¹ (śāpāsaḥ¹)
accusative	शापम् (śāpam)	शापौ (śāpau) शापा¹ (śāpā¹)	शापान् (śāpān)
instrumental	शापेन (śāpena)	शापाभ्याम् (śāpābhyām)	शापैः (śāpaiḥ) शापेभिः¹ (śāpebhiḥ¹)
dative	शापाय (śāpāya)	शापाभ्याम् (śāpābhyām)	शापेभ्यः (śāpebhyaḥ)
ablative	शापात् (śāpāt)	शापाभ्याम् (śāpābhyām)	शापेभ्यः (śāpebhyaḥ)
genitive	शापस्य (śāpasya)	शापयोः (śāpayoḥ)	शापानाम् (śāpānām)
locative	शापे (śāpe)	शापयोः (śāpayoḥ)	शापेषु (śāpeṣu)

• ¹Vedic

Derived terms

• अभिशाप (abhiśāpa)

Related terms

• शपथ (śapatha, “an oath”)
• शपथकरण (śapathakaraṇa, “the swearing of an oath”)
• शपथपत्त्र (śapathapattra, “written testimony on oath or affidavit”)
• शपथेय्य (śapatheyya, “a curser, a swearer”)

Descendants

• Magadhi Prakrit:
  • Assamese: শাও (xaü)
• Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀲𑀸𑀯 (sāva)
  • Marathi: शाप (śāp)
• Pali: sāpa
  • Khmer: សាប (saap)
  • Thai: สาป (sàap)
• → Awadhi: साप (sāp)
• → Hindi: शाप (śāp)
• → Bengali: শাপ (śap)
• → Malayalam: ശാപം (śāpaṁ)
• → Old Javanese: śāpa
  • Javanese: ꦱꦥ (sapa, “curse”)
  • → Balinese: ᬰᬵᬧ (sapa)
• → Tamil: சாபம் (cāpam)
• → Telugu: శాపం (śāpaṁ)

References

• Monier Williams (1899) “शाप”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1065.
• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “śāpa”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press