शयन

Hindi

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *ḱey-

Sanskrit शी (śī)

Proto-Indo-European *-nós

Sanskrit -अन (-ana)

Sanskrit शयन (śayana)lbor.

Hindi शयन (śayan)

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit शयन (śayana).

Pronunciation

• (Delhi) IPA^(key): /ʃə.jən/, [ʃɐ.jɐ̃n]

Noun

शयन • (śayan) m

1. sleep, sleeping, resting
2. bed

   Synonyms: पर्यंक (paryaṅk), पलंग (palaṅg), बिस्तर (bistar), शय्या (śayyā)

Declension

Declension of शयन (masc cons-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	शयन śayan	शयन śayan
oblique	शयन śayan	शयनों śayanõ
vocative	शयन śayan	शयनो śayano

References

• Dāsa, Śyāmasundara (1965–1975) “शयन”, in Hindī Śabdasāgara [lit. Sea of Hindi words] (in Hindi), Kashi [Varanasi]: Nagari Pracarini Sabha, page 4696
• McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “शयन”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press, page 943

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• শয়ন (Assamese script)
• ᬰᬬᬦ (Balinese script)
• শয়ন (Bengali script)
• 𑰫𑰧𑰡 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀰𑀬𑀦 (Brahmi script)
• ၐယန (Burmese script)
• શયન (Gujarati script)
• ਸ਼ਯਨ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌶𑌯𑌨 (Grantha script)
• ꦯꦪꦤ (Javanese script)
• 𑂬𑂨𑂢 (Kaithi script)
• ಶಯನ (Kannada script)
• ឝយន (Khmer script)
• ຨຍນ (Lao script)
• ശയന (Malayalam script)
• ᡧᠠᠶᠠᠨᠠ (Manchu script)
• 𑘫𑘧𑘡 (Modi script)
• ᠱᠠᠶ᠋ᠠᠨᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
• 𑧋𑧇𑧁 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐱𑐫𑐣 (Newa script)
• ଶଯନ (Odia script)
• ꢯꢫꢥ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆯𑆪𑆤 (Sharada script)
• 𑖫𑖧𑖡 (Siddham script)
• ශයන (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩿𑩻𑩯 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚧𑚣𑚝 (Takri script)
• ஶயந (Tamil script)
• శయన (Telugu script)
• ศยน (Thai script)
• ཤ་ཡ་ན (Tibetan script)
• 𑒬𑒨𑒢 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨮𑨪𑨝 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *ḱey-

Sanskrit शी (śī)

Proto-Indo-European *-nós

Sanskrit -अन (-ana)

Sanskrit शयन (śayana)

From the root शी (śī, “to lie down; to sleep, to lie down for sexual intercourse”) +‎ -अन (-ana).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɕɐ́.jɐ.nɐ/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ɕɐ.jɐ.n̪ɐ/

Noun

शयन • (śáyana) stem, n

1. the act of lying down or sleeping, rest, repose, sleep
2. a bed, couch, sleeping-place
   • c. 500 BCE – 100 BCE, Rāmāyaṇa 2.46.13:

     उपास्य तु शिवां सन्ध्यां दृष्ट्वा रात्रिम् उपस्थिताम् ।
     रामस्य शयनं चक्रे सूतः सौमित्रिणा सह ॥

     upāsya tu śivāṃ sandhyāṃ dṛṣṭvā rātrim upasthitām.
     rāmasya śayanaṃ cakre sūtaḥ saumitriṇā saha.

     The charioteer, having worshipped the auspicious Sandhya (twilight), seeing the night near, prepared the bed of Rama and Lakshmana.

3. copulation, sexual intercourse

   Synonyms: see Thesaurus:रति

   • Uḍḍāmareśvaratantra 9.33.11:

     परं तु वर्जनीयम् इहान्यया सह शयनं सा च मैथुनप्रिया भवति अन्यथा नश्यति ॥

     paraṃ tu varjanīyam ihānyayā saha śayanaṃ sā ca maithunapriyā bhavati anyathā naśyati.

     But, sexual intercourse with someone else is to be avoided here; otherwise she would start liking copulation or be frustrated.

Declension

Neuter a-stem declension of शयन

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	शयनम् (śáyanam)	शयने (śáyane)	शयनानि (śáyanāni) शयना¹ (śáyanā¹)
vocative	शयन (śáyana)	शयने (śáyane)	शयनानि (śáyanāni) शयना¹ (śáyanā¹)
accusative	शयनम् (śáyanam)	शयने (śáyane)	शयनानि (śáyanāni) शयना¹ (śáyanā¹)
instrumental	शयनेन (śáyanena)	शयनाभ्याम् (śáyanābhyām)	शयनैः (śáyanaiḥ) शयनेभिः¹ (śáyanebhiḥ¹)
dative	शयनाय (śáyanāya)	शयनाभ्याम् (śáyanābhyām)	शयनेभ्यः (śáyanebhyaḥ)
ablative	शयनात् (śáyanāt)	शयनाभ्याम् (śáyanābhyām)	शयनेभ्यः (śáyanebhyaḥ)
genitive	शयनस्य (śáyanasya)	शयनयोः (śáyanayoḥ)	शयनानाम् (śáyanānām)
locative	शयने (śáyane)	शयनयोः (śáyanayoḥ)	शयनेषु (śáyaneṣu)

• ¹Vedic

Descendants

• Dardic:
  • Kalami: šä'n, ša'n
  • Khotanese: شین (šen)
  • Phalura: شین (šīn), [script needed] (šēn)
  • Shina: شین (šēn)
  • Torwali: شین (šen)
  • Kashmiri: شۄنٛگُن (śọngun)
• Pali: sayana
• Prakrit: 𑀲𑀬𑀡 (sayaṇa)
  • Insular:
    • Dhivehi: ދާން (dān̊)
    • Sinhalese: යහන (yahana)
• → Hindi: शयन (śayan) (learned)
• → Thai: ศยนะ (“mattress, bedroom”)

Further reading

• Monier Williams (1899) “शयन”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1055, column 3.
• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “śáyana”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 714
• Apte, Vaman Shivram (1890) “शयन”, in The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary, Poona: Prasad Prakashan, page 1535