व्यथ्
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Sanskrit
[edit]Alternative scripts
[edit]Alternative scripts
- ৱ্যথ্ (Assamese script)
- ᬯ᭄ᬬᬣ᭄ (Balinese script)
- ব্যথ্ (Bengali script)
- 𑰪𑰿𑰧𑰞𑰿 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀯𑁆𑀬𑀣𑁆 (Brahmi script)
- ဝျထ် (Burmese script)
- વ્યથ્ (Gujarati script)
- ਵ੍ਯਥ੍ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌵𑍍𑌯𑌥𑍍 (Grantha script)
- ꦮꦾꦡ꧀ (Javanese script)
- 𑂫𑂹𑂨𑂟𑂹 (Kaithi script)
- ವ್ಯಥ್ (Kannada script)
- វ្យថ៑ (Khmer script)
- ວ຺ຍຖ຺ (Lao script)
- വ്യഥ് (Malayalam script)
- ᠸᠶᠠᡨ (Manchu script)
- 𑘪𑘿𑘧𑘞𑘿 (Modi script)
- ᠸᠶ᠋ᠠᠲ (Mongolian script)
- 𑧊𑧠𑧇𑦾𑧠 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐰𑑂𑐫𑐠𑑂 (Newa script)
- ଵ୍ଯଥ୍ (Odia script)
- ꢮ꣄ꢫꢢ꣄ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆮𑇀𑆪𑆡𑇀 (Sharada script)
- 𑖪𑖿𑖧𑖞𑖿 (Siddham script)
- ව්යථ් (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩾 𑪙𑩻𑩬 𑪙 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚦𑚶𑚣𑚚𑚶 (Takri script)
- வ்யத்² (Tamil script)
- వ్యథ్ (Telugu script)
- วฺยถฺ (Thai script)
- ཝྱ་ཐ྄ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒫𑓂𑒨𑒟𑓂 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨭𑩇𑨪𑨚𑨴 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
[edit]Related to विथुर (vithura, “staggering”) and Avestan 𐬬𐬌𐬚𐬎𐬭𐬀 (viθura, “shakeable”), with further origin unclear. The root is generally thought to be of Indo-European origin, and is traditionally compared with Gothic 𐍅𐌹𐌸𐍉𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽𐍃 (wiþōndans, “shaking”); however, the hapax status of the Gothic term makes this comparison difficult to analyze. Schwartz and Malkiel analyze the root as a combination of वि- (vi-) + *अथ् (ath, “to vacillate”) and connect the root to अतिथि (atithi, “guest”), but make no claims as to the supposed origin of *अथ्.
Pronunciation
[edit]Root
[edit]व्यथ् • (vyath)
- to tremble, waver, go astray, come to naught, fail
- to fall (on the ground)
- to cease, become ineffective (as poison)
- to be agitated or disturbed in mind, be restless or sorrowful or unhappy
- to be afraid of
Derived terms
[edit]- Primary Verbal Forms
- व्यथते (vyáthate, Present)
- व्यथिष्यते (vyathiṣyáte, Future)
- व्यथिता (vyathitā́, Periphrastic Future)
- अव्यथिष्ट (ávyathiṣṭa, Aorist)
- विव्यथे (vivyáthe, Perfect)
- Secondary Forms
- व्यथ्यते (vyathyáte, Passive)
- अव्याथि (ávyāthi, Passive Aorist)
- व्यथयति (vyatháyati, Causative)
- अविव्यथत् (ávivyathat, Causative Aorist)
- विव्यथिषति (vivyathiṣati, Desiderative)
- वाव्यथ्यते (vāvyathyate, Intensive)
- Non-Finite Forms
- Derived Nominal Forms
References
[edit]- Monier Williams (1899) “व्यथ्”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1031/1.
- William Dwight Whitney, 1885, The Roots, Verb-forms, and Primary Derivatives of the Sanskrit Language, Leipzig: Breitkopf and Härtel, page 166
- Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][1] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 591