व्यथते

Sanskrit

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /ʋjɐ.tʰɐ.tɐj/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ˈʋjɐ.t̪ʰɐ.t̪eː/

Verb

व्यथते • (vyathate) third-singular indicative (class 1, type A, present, root व्यथ्)

1. trembles, wavers, goes astray, comes to naught, fails
   • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda
2. is deprived of [with ablative]
3. falls (on the ground)
   • c. 200 BCE – 200 CE, Manusmṛti
4. ceases, becomes ineffective (as poison)
   • Kām
5. is agitated or disturbed in mind, is restless or sorrowful or unhappy
   • c. 1200 BCE – 1000 BCE, Atharvaveda
6. is afraid of [with genitive]

Conjugation

Present: व्यथते (vyáthate)
	Active			Mediopassive
	Singular	Dual	Plural	Singular	Dual	Plural
Indicative
Third	- -	- -	- -	व्यथते vyáthate	व्यथेते vyáthete	व्यथन्ते vyáthante
Second	- -	- -	- -	व्यथसे vyáthase	व्यथेथे vyáthethe	व्यथध्वे vyáthadhve
First	- -	- -	- -	व्यथे vyáthe	व्यथावहे vyáthāvahe	व्यथामहे vyáthāmahe
Imperative
Third	- -	- -	- -	व्यथताम् vyáthatām	व्यथेताम् vyáthetām	व्यथन्ताम् vyáthantām
Second	- -	- -	- -	व्यथस्व vyáthasva	व्यथेथाम् vyáthethām	व्यथध्वम् vyáthadhvam
First	- -	- -	- -	व्यथै vyáthai	व्यथावहै vyáthāvahai	व्यथामहै vyáthāmahai
Optative/Potential
Third	- -	- -	- -	व्यथेत vyátheta	व्यथेयाताम् vyátheyātām	व्यथेरन् vyátheran
Second	- -	- -	- -	व्यथेथाः vyáthethāḥ	व्यथेयाथाम् vyátheyāthām	व्यथेध्वम् vyáthedhvam
First	- -	- -	- -	व्यथेय vyátheya	व्यथेवहि vyáthevahi	व्यथेमहि vyáthemahi
Subjunctive
Third	- -	- -	- -	व्यथाते / व्यथातै vyáthāte / vyáthātai	व्यथैते vyáthaite	व्यथन्त / व्यथान्तै vyáthanta / vyáthāntai
Second	- -	- -	- -	व्यथासे / व्यथासै vyáthāse / vyáthāsai	व्यथैथे vyáthaithe	व्यथाध्वै vyáthādhvai
First	- -	- -	- -	व्यथै vyáthai	व्यथावहै vyáthāvahai	व्यथामहै vyáthāmahai
Participles
	- -			व्यथमान vyáthamāna
Notes	The subjunctive is only used in Vedic Sanskrit.

Imperfect: अव्यथत (ávyathata)
	Active			Mediopassive
	Singular	Dual	Plural	Singular	Dual	Plural
Indicative
Third	- -	- -	- -	अव्यथत ávyathata	अव्यथेताम् ávyathetām	अव्यथन्त ávyathanta
Second	- -	- -	- -	अव्यथथाः ávyathathāḥ	अव्यथेथाम् ávyathethām	अव्यथध्वम् ávyathadhvam
First	- -	- -	- -	अव्यथे ávyathe	अव्यथावहि ávyathāvahi	अव्यथामहि ávyathāmahi

Descendants

• Pali: vyadhati (“trembles”)
• Prakrit: *𑀯𑀥𑀤𑀺 (*vadhadi), *𑀯𑀳𑀇 (*vahaï) (whence 𑀯𑀳𑀺𑀅 (vahia, “distressed”)) (descendants have Middle Indo-Aryan -𑀓𑁆𑀓- (-kka-))
  • Punjabi: ਬਹਿਕਣਾ (bahikṇā)
  • Nepali: बहकिनु (bahakinu)
  • Hindustani: bahaknā

    Hindi: बहकना

    Urdu: بہکنا

References

• Monier Williams (1899) “व्यथते”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1031.
• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “vyáthatē”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press