वृजिन
Sanskrit
[edit]Alternative scripts
[edit]Alternative scripts
- ৱৃজিন (Assamese script)
- ᬯᬺᬚᬶᬦ (Balinese script)
- বৃজিন (Bengali script)
- 𑰪𑰴𑰕𑰰𑰡 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀯𑀾𑀚𑀺𑀦 (Brahmi script)
- ဝၖဇိန (Burmese script)
- વૃજિન (Gujarati script)
- ਵ੍ਰਜਿਨ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌵𑍃𑌜𑌿𑌨 (Grantha script)
- ꦮꦽꦗꦶꦤ (Javanese script)
- 𑂫𑃂𑂔𑂱𑂢 (Kaithi script)
- ವೃಜಿನ (Kannada script)
- វ្ឫជិន (Khmer script)
- ວ຺ຣິຊິນ (Lao script)
- വൃജിന (Malayalam script)
- ᠸᡵᡳᡯᡳᠨᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘪𑘵𑘕𑘱𑘡 (Modi script)
- ᠸᠷᠢᠽᠢᠨᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- 𑧊𑧖𑦵𑧒𑧁 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐰𑐺𑐖𑐶𑐣 (Newa script)
- ଵୃଜିନ (Odia script)
- ꢮꢺꢙꢶꢥ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆮𑆸𑆘𑆴𑆤 (Sharada script)
- 𑖪𑖴𑖕𑖰𑖡 (Siddham script)
- වෘජින (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩾𑩙𑩣𑩑𑩯 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚦𑚑𑚮𑚝 (Takri script)
- வ்ரிஜிந (Tamil script)
- వృజిన (Telugu script)
- วฺฤชิน (Thai script)
- ཝྲྀ་ཛི་ན (Tibetan script)
- 𑒫𑒵𑒖𑒱𑒢 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨭𑨼𑨉𑨥𑨁𑨝 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
[edit]From the root वृज् (vṛj, “to turn, bend”).
Pronunciation
[edit]Adjective
[edit]वृजिन • (vṛjiná) stem
- bent, crooked; deceitful, false, wicked
- c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 9.97.43:
- ऋ॒जुः प॑वस्व वृजि॒नस्य॑ ह॒न्तापामी॑वां॒ बाध॑मानो॒ मृध॑श्च ।
अ॒भि॒श्री॒णन्पयः॒ पय॑सा॒भि गोना॒मिन्द्र॑स्य॒ त्वं तव॑ व॒यं सखा॑यः ॥- ṛjúḥ pavasva vṛjinásya hantā́pā́mīvāṃ bā́dhamāno mṛ́dhaśca.
abhiśrīṇánpáyaḥ páyasābhí gónāmíndrasya tváṃ táva vayáṃ sákhāyaḥ. - Flow onward righteous slayer of the wicked, driving away our enemies and sickness,
Blending thy milk with milk which cows afford us. We are thy friends, thou art the Friend of Indra.
- ṛjúḥ pavasva vṛjinásya hantā́pā́mīvāṃ bā́dhamāno mṛ́dhaśca.
- ऋ॒जुः प॑वस्व वृजि॒नस्य॑ ह॒न्तापामी॑वां॒ बाध॑मानो॒ मृध॑श्च ।
- disastrous, calamitous
Declension
[edit]| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | वृजिनः (vṛjináḥ) | वृजिनौ (vṛjinaú) वृजिना¹ (vṛjinā́¹) |
वृजिनाः (vṛjinā́ḥ) वृजिनासः¹ (vṛjinā́saḥ¹) |
| vocative | वृजिन (vṛ́jina) | वृजिनौ (vṛ́jinau) वृजिना¹ (vṛ́jinā¹) |
वृजिनाः (vṛ́jināḥ) वृजिनासः¹ (vṛ́jināsaḥ¹) |
| accusative | वृजिनम् (vṛjinám) | वृजिनौ (vṛjinaú) वृजिना¹ (vṛjinā́¹) |
वृजिनान् (vṛjinā́n) |
| instrumental | वृजिनेन (vṛjinéna) | वृजिनाभ्याम् (vṛjinā́bhyām) | वृजिनैः (vṛjinaíḥ) वृजिनेभिः¹ (vṛjinébhiḥ¹) |
| dative | वृजिनाय (vṛjinā́ya) | वृजिनाभ्याम् (vṛjinā́bhyām) | वृजिनेभ्यः (vṛjinébhyaḥ) |
| ablative | वृजिनात् (vṛjinā́t) | वृजिनाभ्याम् (vṛjinā́bhyām) | वृजिनेभ्यः (vṛjinébhyaḥ) |
| genitive | वृजिनस्य (vṛjinásya) | वृजिनयोः (vṛjináyoḥ) | वृजिनानाम् (vṛjinā́nām) |
| locative | वृजिने (vṛjiné) | वृजिनयोः (vṛjináyoḥ) | वृजिनेषु (vṛjinéṣu) |
- ¹Vedic
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | वृजिना (vṛjinā́) | वृजिने (vṛjiné) | वृजिनाः (vṛjinā́ḥ) |
| vocative | वृजिने (vṛ́jine) | वृजिने (vṛ́jine) | वृजिनाः (vṛ́jināḥ) |
| accusative | वृजिनाम् (vṛjinā́m) | वृजिने (vṛjiné) | वृजिनाः (vṛjinā́ḥ) |
| instrumental | वृजिनया (vṛjináyā) वृजिना¹ (vṛjinā́¹) |
वृजिनाभ्याम् (vṛjinā́bhyām) | वृजिनाभिः (vṛjinā́bhiḥ) |
| dative | वृजिनायै (vṛjinā́yai) | वृजिनाभ्याम् (vṛjinā́bhyām) | वृजिनाभ्यः (vṛjinā́bhyaḥ) |
| ablative | वृजिनायाः (vṛjinā́yāḥ) वृजिनायै² (vṛjinā́yai²) |
वृजिनाभ्याम् (vṛjinā́bhyām) | वृजिनाभ्यः (vṛjinā́bhyaḥ) |
| genitive | वृजिनायाः (vṛjinā́yāḥ) वृजिनायै² (vṛjinā́yai²) |
वृजिनयोः (vṛjináyoḥ) | वृजिनानाम् (vṛjinā́nām) |
| locative | वृजिनायाम् (vṛjinā́yām) | वृजिनयोः (vṛjináyoḥ) | वृजिनासु (vṛjinā́su) |
- ¹Vedic
- ²Brāhmaṇas
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | वृजिनम् (vṛjinám) | वृजिने (vṛjiné) | वृजिनानि (vṛjinā́ni) वृजिना¹ (vṛjinā́¹) |
| vocative | वृजिन (vṛ́jina) | वृजिने (vṛ́jine) | वृजिनानि (vṛ́jināni) वृजिना¹ (vṛ́jinā¹) |
| accusative | वृजिनम् (vṛjinám) | वृजिने (vṛjiné) | वृजिनानि (vṛjinā́ni) वृजिना¹ (vṛjinā́¹) |
| instrumental | वृजिनेन (vṛjinéna) | वृजिनाभ्याम् (vṛjinā́bhyām) | वृजिनैः (vṛjinaíḥ) वृजिनेभिः¹ (vṛjinébhiḥ¹) |
| dative | वृजिनाय (vṛjinā́ya) | वृजिनाभ्याम् (vṛjinā́bhyām) | वृजिनेभ्यः (vṛjinébhyaḥ) |
| ablative | वृजिनात् (vṛjinā́t) | वृजिनाभ्याम् (vṛjinā́bhyām) | वृजिनेभ्यः (vṛjinébhyaḥ) |
| genitive | वृजिनस्य (vṛjinásya) | वृजिनयोः (vṛjináyoḥ) | वृजिनानाम् (vṛjinā́nām) |
| locative | वृजिने (vṛjiné) | वृजिनयोः (vṛjináyoḥ) | वृजिनेषु (vṛjinéṣu) |
- ¹Vedic
Noun
[edit]वृजिन • (vṛjiná) stem, n
- deceit, intrigue, guile
- sin, vice, wickedness
- c. 400 BCE, Bhagavad Gītā 4.36:
- अपि चेदसि पापेभ्यः सर्वेभ्यः पापकृत्तमः ।
सर्वं ज्ञानप्लवेनैव वृजिनं सन्तरिष्यसि ॥- api cedasi pāpebhyaḥ sarvebhyaḥ pāpakṛttamaḥ.
sarvaṃ jñānaplavenaiva vṛjinaṃ santariṣyasi. - Even if you are the most sinful of all sinners, by the boat of knowledge you will be able to cross all the sin.
- api cedasi pāpebhyaḥ sarvebhyaḥ pāpakṛttamaḥ.
- अपि चेदसि पापेभ्यः सर्वेभ्यः पापकृत्तमः ।
- misery, distress, suffering
- c. 700 CE – 900 CE, Bhāgavata Purāṇa 10.39.6:
- अहो अस्मदभूद्भरि पित्रोर्वृजिनम्आर्ययोः ।
यद्धेतोः पुत्रमरणं यद्धेतोर्बन्धनं तयोः ॥- aho asmadabhūdbhari pitrorvṛjinamāryayoḥ.
yaddhetoḥ putramaraṇaṃ yaddhetorbandhanaṃ tayoḥ. - How much suffering I have caused my noble parents! Because of me their children were killed and they themselves imprisoned.
- aho asmadabhūdbhari pitrorvṛjinamāryayoḥ.
- अहो अस्मदभूद्भरि पित्रोर्वृजिनम्आर्ययोः ।
Declension
[edit]| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | वृजिनम् (vṛjinám) | वृजिने (vṛjiné) | वृजिनानि (vṛjinā́ni) वृजिना¹ (vṛjinā́¹) |
| vocative | वृजिन (vṛ́jina) | वृजिने (vṛ́jine) | वृजिनानि (vṛ́jināni) वृजिना¹ (vṛ́jinā¹) |
| accusative | वृजिनम् (vṛjinám) | वृजिने (vṛjiné) | वृजिनानि (vṛjinā́ni) वृजिना¹ (vṛjinā́¹) |
| instrumental | वृजिनेन (vṛjinéna) | वृजिनाभ्याम् (vṛjinā́bhyām) | वृजिनैः (vṛjinaíḥ) वृजिनेभिः¹ (vṛjinébhiḥ¹) |
| dative | वृजिनाय (vṛjinā́ya) | वृजिनाभ्याम् (vṛjinā́bhyām) | वृजिनेभ्यः (vṛjinébhyaḥ) |
| ablative | वृजिनात् (vṛjinā́t) | वृजिनाभ्याम् (vṛjinā́bhyām) | वृजिनेभ्यः (vṛjinébhyaḥ) |
| genitive | वृजिनस्य (vṛjinásya) | वृजिनयोः (vṛjináyoḥ) | वृजिनानाम् (vṛjinā́nām) |
| locative | वृजिने (vṛjiné) | वृजिनयोः (vṛjináyoḥ) | वृजिनेषु (vṛjinéṣu) |
- ¹Vedic
References
[edit]- Monier Williams (1899) “वृजिन”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1009, column 1.
- Hellwig, Oliver (2010–2025) “vṛjina”, in DCS - The Digital Corpus of Sanskrit, Berlin, Germany.
- Apte, Vaman Shivram (1890) “वृजिन”, in The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary, Poona: Prasad Prakashan, page 1489
- Arthur Anthony Macdonell (1893) “वृजिन”, in A practical Sanskrit dictionary with transliteration, accentuation, and etymological analysis throughout, London: Oxford University Press, page 295