विज्ञान

Hindi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit विज्ञान (vijñāna).

Pronunciation

• (Delhi) IPA^(key): /ʋɪɡ.jɑːn/, [ʋɪɡ.jä̃ːn]

Noun

विज्ञान • (vijñān) m (Urdu spelling وگیان)

1. knowledge; understanding
2. science, study of

   वनस्पतिविज्ञान (vanaspativijñān) – study of plants

Declension

Declension of विज्ञान (masc cons-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	विज्ञान vijñān	विज्ञान vijñān
oblique	विज्ञान vijñān	विज्ञानों vijñānõ
vocative	विज्ञान vijñān	विज्ञानो vijñāno

Derived terms

• अंतरिक्षविज्ञान (antrikṣavijñān)
• जीवविज्ञान (jīvvijñān)
• मनोविज्ञान (manovijñān)
• वनस्पतिविज्ञान (vanaspativijñān)
• विज्ञानी (vijñānī)
• वैज्ञानिक (vaijñānik)
• स्वरविज्ञान (svarvijñān)

 

See also

• शास्त्र (śāstra)
• वैज्ञानिक (vaijñānik, “scientist”)

References

McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “विज्ञान”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press

Konkani

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit विज्ञान (vijñāna)

Noun

विज्ञान • (vijñān) (Latin script vidian, Kannada script ವಿಜ್ಞಾನ)

1. science

Marathi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit विज्ञान (vijñāna).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʋid͡ʑ.nan/

Noun

विज्ञान • (vijñān) n

1. science

Declension

Declension of विज्ञान (neut cons-stem)
direct singular	विज्ञान vidnyān
direct plural	विज्ञाने, विज्ञानं vidnyāne, vijñāna
	singular एकवचन		plural अनेकवचन
nominative प्रथमा	विज्ञान vidnyān		विज्ञाने, विज्ञानं vidnyāne, vijñāna
oblique सामान्यरूप	विज्ञाना vidnyānā		विज्ञानां- vidnyānān-
acc. / dative द्वितीया / चतुर्थी	विज्ञानाला vidnyānālā		विज्ञानांना vidnyānānnā
ergative	विज्ञानाने, विज्ञानानं vidnyānāne, vidnyānāna		विज्ञानांनी vidnyānānnī
instrumental	विज्ञानाशी vidnyānāśī		विज्ञानांशी vidnyānānśī
locative सप्तमी	विज्ञानात vidnyānāt		विज्ञानांत vidnyānāt
vocative संबोधन	विज्ञाना vidnyānā		विज्ञानांनो vidnyānānno
Oblique Note: The oblique case precedes all postpositions. There is no space between the stem and the postposition. Locative Note: -त (-ta) is a postposition.

Genitive declension of विज्ञान (neut cons-stem)
	masculine object पुल्लिंगी कर्म		feminine object स्त्रीलिंगी कर्म		neuter object नपुसकलिंगी कर्म		oblique सामान्यरूप
	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	singular* एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन
singular subject एकवचनी कर्ता	विज्ञानाचा vidnyānāċā	विज्ञानाचे vidnyānāċe	विज्ञानाची vidnyānācī	विज्ञानाच्या vidnyānācā	विज्ञानाचे, विज्ञानाचं vidnyānāċe, vidnyānāċa	विज्ञानाची vidnyānācī	विज्ञानाच्या vidnyānācā
plural subject अनेकवचनी कर्ता	विज्ञानांचा vidnyānānċā	विज्ञानांचे vidnyānānċe	विज्ञानांची vidnyānāñcī	विज्ञानांच्या vidnyānāncā	विज्ञानांचे, विज्ञानांचं vidnyānānċe, vidnyānānċa	विज्ञानांची vidnyānāñcī	विज्ञानांच्या vidnyānāñcā
* Note: Word-final ए (e) in neuter words is alternatively written with the anusvara and pronounced as अ (a). Oblique Note: For most postpostions, the oblique genitive can be optionally inserted between the stem and the postposition.

Derived terms

• वैज्ञानिक (vaijñānik, “scientist, scientific”)

 

See also

• ज्ञान (jñān, “knowledge”)

References

• Berntsen, Maxine (1982–1983) “विज्ञान”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies
• Molesworth, James Thomas (1857) “विज्ञान”, in A dictionary, Marathi and English, Bombay: Printed for government at the Bombay Education Society's Press
• Shridhar Ganesh Vaze (1911) “विज्ञान”, in The Aryabhusan School Dictionary, Poona: Arya-Bhushan Press

Nepali

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [biɡ̞jän]
• Phonetic Devanagari: बिग्यान्

Noun

विज्ञान • (vigyān)

1. science

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• ৱিজ্ঞান (Assamese script)
• ᬯᬶᬚ᭄ᬜᬵᬦ (Balinese script)
• বিজ্ঞান (Bengali script)
• 𑰪𑰰𑰕𑰿𑰗𑰯𑰡 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀯𑀺𑀚𑁆𑀜𑀸𑀦 (Brahmi script)
• ဝိဇ္ဉာန (Burmese script)
• વિજ્ઞાન (Gujarati script)
• ਵਿਜ੍ਞਾਨ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌵𑌿𑌜𑍍𑌞𑌾𑌨 (Grantha script)
• ꦮꦶꦘꦴꦤ (Javanese script)
• 𑂫𑂱𑂔𑂹𑂖𑂰𑂢 (Kaithi script)
• ವಿಜ್ಞಾನ (Kannada script)
• វិជ្ញាន (Khmer script)
• ວິຊ຺ຎານ (Lao script)
• വിജ്ഞാന (Malayalam script)
• ᠸᡳᡯᠨᡳᠶᠠ᠎᠊ᠠᠨᠠ (Manchu script)
• 𑘪𑘱𑘕𑘿𑘗𑘰𑘡 (Modi script)
• ᠸᠢᠽᡛᠠᢗᠨᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
• 𑧊𑧒𑦵𑧠𑦷𑧑𑧁 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐰𑐶𑐖𑑂𑐘𑐵𑐣 (Newa script)
• ଵିଜ୍ଞାନ (Odia script)
• ꢮꢶꢙ꣄ꢛꢵꢥ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆮𑆴𑆘𑇀𑆚𑆳𑆤 (Sharada script)
• 𑖪𑖰𑖕𑖿𑖗𑖯𑖡 (Siddham script)
• විඥාන (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩾𑩑𑩣 𑪙𑩥𑩛𑩯 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚦𑚮𑚑𑚶𑚓𑚭𑚝 (Takri script)
• விஜ்ஞாந (Tamil script)
• విజ్ఞాన (Telugu script)
• วิชฺญาน (Thai script)
• ཝི་ཛྙཱ་ན (Tibetan script)
• 𑒫𑒱𑒖𑓂𑒘𑒰𑒢 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨭𑨁𑨥𑩇𑨓𑨊𑨝 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

Compound of वि- (vi-, “apart, separate”) +‎ ज्ञान (jñā́na, “to know”).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /ʋid͡ʑ.ɲɑ́ː.nɐ/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ʋid͡ʑˈɲɑː.n̪ɐ/

Noun

विज्ञान • (vijñā́na) stem, n

1. the act of discerning, understanding, comprehending
   • c. 1200 BCE – 800 BCE, Kṛṣṇa-Yajurveda (Taittirīya Saṃhitā) V.7.4:

     अयꣳ शास्ताधिपतिर् वो अस्तु।
     अस्य विज्ञानम् अनु सꣳ रभध्वम् इमम् पश्चाद् अनु जीवाथ सर्वे॥

     ayaṃ śāstādhipatir vo astu.
     asya vijñānam anu saṃ rabhadhvam imam paścād anu jīvātha sarve.

     May he be your ruler, your overlord;
     On his discernment do ye depend; upon him henceforth do ye all serve.

2. intelligence, knowledge
3. science
4. skill; proficiency

Declension

Neuter a-stem declension of विज्ञान (vijñā́na)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	विज्ञानम् vijñā́nam	विज्ञाने vijñā́ne	विज्ञानानि / विज्ञाना¹ vijñā́nāni / vijñā́nā¹
Vocative	विज्ञान víjñāna	विज्ञाने víjñāne	विज्ञानानि / विज्ञाना¹ víjñānāni / víjñānā¹
Accusative	विज्ञानम् vijñā́nam	विज्ञाने vijñā́ne	विज्ञानानि / विज्ञाना¹ vijñā́nāni / vijñā́nā¹
Instrumental	विज्ञानेन vijñā́nena	विज्ञानाभ्याम् vijñā́nābhyām	विज्ञानैः / विज्ञानेभिः¹ vijñā́naiḥ / vijñā́nebhiḥ¹
Dative	विज्ञानाय vijñā́nāya	विज्ञानाभ्याम् vijñā́nābhyām	विज्ञानेभ्यः vijñā́nebhyaḥ
Ablative	विज्ञानात् vijñā́nāt	विज्ञानाभ्याम् vijñā́nābhyām	विज्ञानेभ्यः vijñā́nebhyaḥ
Genitive	विज्ञानस्य vijñā́nasya	विज्ञानयोः vijñā́nayoḥ	विज्ञानानाम् vijñā́nānām
Locative	विज्ञाने vijñā́ne	विज्ञानयोः vijñā́nayoḥ	विज्ञानेषु vijñā́neṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Descendants

• Pali: viññāṇa
  • → Tamil: விஞ்ஞானம் (viññāṉam)
• Prakrit: 𑀯𑀺𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸𑀡 (viṇṇāṇa)
  • Old Bengali: বিণান (biṇāna)
  • → Telugu: విన్నాణము (vinnāṇamu)
• → Assamese: বিজ্ঞান (biggan)
• → Bengali: বিজ্ঞান (biggên)
• → Bishnupriya Manipuri: বিজ্ঞান (bijñāna)
• → Gujarati: વિજ્ઞાન (vijñān)
• → Hindi: विज्ञान (vijñān)
• → Kannada: ವಿಜ್ಞಾನ (vijñāna)
• → Malayalam: വിജ്ഞാനം (vijñānaṁ)
• → Marathi: विज्ञान (vijñān)
• → Nepali: विज्ञान (vigyān)
• → Newar: विज्ञान (wijñāna)
• → Punjabi: ਵਿਗਿਆਨ (vigiāna)
• → Telugu: విజ్ఞానము (vijñānamu)
• → Thai: วิญญาณ (win-yaan)
• → Urdu: وگیان (vigyān)

References

• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “vijñā́na”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press