रुनु
Appearance
Nepali
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Prakrit रोवइ (rovaï), रोअइ (roaï), रोयइ (royaï), from Sanskrit रोदति (rodati), रोदिति (róditi).
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]रुनु • (runu)
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation of रुनु [runu]
Information | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Primary stem | रु- [ru-] | |||
Secondary stem | रो- [ro-] | |||
Conjugation type | 3rd conjugation: vowel-ending stem, irregular. | |||
Derivatives | ||||
I-stem (Passive) |
रोइनु [roinu] | |||
Causative | रुवाउनु [ruwäunu] | |||
Non-finite forms | ||||
Infinitives | रुनु [runu] रुन [runʌ] | |||
Participles | Affirmative (+) | Negative (–) | ||
Conjunctive | रोएर [roeɾʌ] रोई [roi] रोईकन [roikʌnʌ] |
नरोएर [nʌ ͜ ɾoeɾʌ] नरोई [nʌ ͜ ɾoi] नरोईकन [nʌ ͜ ɾoikʌnʌ] | ||
1st Perfect | m. sing. | रोएको [roeko] | नरोएको [nʌ ͜ ɾoeko] | |
f. sing. | रोएकी [roeki] | नरोएकी [nʌ ͜ ɾoeki] | ||
pl. | रोएका [roekä] | नरोएका [nʌ ͜ ɾoekä] | ||
high-resp. | रुनुभएको [runu ͜ bʱʌeko] | नरुनुभएको [nʌ ͜ ɾunu ͜ bʱʌeko] | ||
2nd Perfect | normal | रोए [roe] | नरोए [nʌ ͜ ɾoe] | |
high-resp. | रुनुभए [runu ͜ bʱʌe] | नरुनुभए [nʌ ͜ ɾunu ͜ bʱʌe] | ||
Imperfect | normal | रुदा [rud̪ä] रुदै [rud̪ʌi̯] रुदो [rud̪o] |
नरुदा [nʌ ͜ ɾud̪ä] नरुदै [nʌ ͜ ɾud̪ʌi̯] नरुदो [nʌ ͜ ɾud̪o] | |
high-resp. | रुनुहुँदा [runuɦũd̪ä] रुनुहुँदै [runuɦũd̪ʌi̯] रुनुहुँदो [runuɦũd̪o] |
नरुनुहुँदा [nʌ ͜ ɾunuɦũd̪ä] नरुनुहुँदै [nʌ ͜ ɾunuɦũd̪ʌi̯] नरुनुहुँदो [nʌ ͜ ɾunuɦũd̪o] | ||
Infinitival | normal | रुने [rune] | नरुने [nʌ ͜ ɾune] | |
high-resp. | रुनुहुने [runuɦune] | नरुनुहुने [nʌ ͜ ɾunuɦune] | ||
Absolutive | रोइ [roi] |
Finite forms of रुनु [runu] | |||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 2nd & 3rd | |||||||||||
Pronoun | म SING. |
हामी PL. |
तँ LOW-RESP. SING. |
तिमी MID-RESP. |
ऊ LOW-RESP. SING. |
उनी MID-RESP. |
तपाईं / ऊहाँ HIGH-RESP. | ||||||||
m | f | m | f | m | f | m | f | m | f | m | f | ||||
Present | + | रुन्छु [runt͡sʰu] |
रुन्छौं [runt͡sʰʌ̃ũ̯] |
रुन्छस् [runt͡sʰʌs] |
रुन्छेस् [runt͡sʰes] |
रुन्छौ [runt͡sʰʌu̯] |
रुन्छ्यौ [runt͡sʰeu̯] |
रुन्छ [runt͡sʰʌʌ] |
रुन्छे [runt͡sʰe] |
रुन्छन् [runt͡sʰʌn] |
रुन्छिन् [runt͡sʰin] |
रुनुहुन्छ [runuɦunt͡sʰʌ] | |||
– | रुँदिनँ [rũd̪inʌ̃] |
रुँदैनौं [rũd̪ʌi̯nʌ̃ũ̯] |
रुँदैनस् [rũd̪ʌi̯nʌs] |
रुँदिनेस् [rũd̪ines] |
रुँदैनौ [rũd̪ʌi̯nʌu̯] |
रुँदिनौ [rũd̪inʌu̯] |
रुँदैन [rũd̪ʌi̯nʌ] |
रुँदिने [rũd̪ine] |
रुँदैनन् [rũd̪ʌi̯nʌn] |
रुँदिनन् [rũd̪inʌn] |
रुनुहुँदैन [runuɦũd̪ʌi̯nʌ] | ||||
रुन्नँ [runnʌ̃] |
रुन्नौं [runnʌ̃ũ̯] |
रुन्नस् [runnʌs] |
रुन्नौ [runnʌu̯] |
रुन्न [runnʌ] |
रुन्नन् [runnʌn] |
रुनुहुन्न [runuɦunnʌ] | |||||||||
Past | Simple | + | रोएं [roẽ] |
रोयौं [roẽũ̯] |
रोइस् [rois] |
रोयौ [roeu̯] |
रोयो [rojo] |
रोई [roi] |
रोए [roe] |
रोइन् [roin] |
रुनुभयो [runu ͜ bʱʌjo] | ||||
– | रोइनँ [roinʌ̃] |
रोएनौं [roenʌ̃ũ̯] |
रोएनस् [roenʌs] |
रोइनेस् [roines] |
रोएनौ [roenʌu̯] |
रोएन [roenʌ] |
रोइने [roine] |
रोएनन् [roenʌn] |
रोइनन् [roinʌn] |
रुनुभएन [runu ͜ bʱʌenʌ] | |||||
Habitual | + | रुन्थें [run̪t̪ʰẽ] |
रुन्थ्यौं [run̪t̪ʰẽũ̯] |
रुन्थिस् [run̪t̪ʰis] |
रुन्थ्यौ [run̪t̪ʰeu̯] |
रुन्थ्यो [run̪t̪ʰjo] |
रुन्थी [run̪t̪ʰi] |
रुन्थे [run̪t̪ʰe] |
रुन्थिन् [run̪t̪ʰin] |
रुनुहुन्थ्यो [runuɦun̪t̪ʰjo] | |||||
– | रुँदिनथें [rũd̪inʌt̪ʰẽ] |
रुँदैनथ्यौं [rũd̪ʌi̯nʌt̪ʰẽũ̯] |
रुँदैनथिस् [rũd̪ʌi̯nʌt̪ʰis] |
रुँदिनथिस् [rũd̪inʌt̪ʰis] |
रुँदैनथ्यौ [rũd̪ʌi̯nʌt̪ʰeu̯] |
रुँदिनथ्यौ [rũd̪inʌt̪ʰeu̯] |
रुँदैनथ्यो [rũd̪ʌi̯nʌt̪ʰjo] |
रुँदैनथी [rũd̪ʌi̯nʌt̪ʰi] |
रुँदैनथे [rũd̪ʌi̯nʌt̪ʰe] |
रुँदिनथिन् [rũd̪inʌt̪ʰin] |
रुनुहुँदैनथ्यो [runuɦũd̪ʌi̯nʌt̪ʰjo] | ||||
रुन्नथें [runnʌt̪ʰẽ] |
रुन्नथ्यौं [runnʌt̪ʰẽũ̯] |
रुन्नथिस् [runnʌt̪ʰis] |
रुन्नथ्यौ [runnʌt̪ʰeu̯] |
रुन्नथ्यो [runnʌt̪ʰjo] |
रुन्नथी [runnʌt̪ʰi] |
रुन्नथे [runnʌt̪ʰe] |
रुन्नथिन् [runnʌt̪ʰin] |
रुनुहुन्नथ्यो [runuɦunnʌt̪ʰjo] | |||||||
Unknown | + | रोएछु [roet͡sʰu] |
रोइछु [roit͡sʰu] |
रोएछौं [roet͡sʰʌ̃ũ̯] |
रोएछस् [roet͡sʰʌs] |
रोइछेस् [roit͡sʰes] |
रोएछौ [roet͡sʰʌu̯] |
रोएछ [roet͡sʰʌ] |
रोइछे [roit͡sʰe] |
रोएछन् [roet͡sʰʌn] |
रोइछिन् [roit͡sʰin] |
रुनुभएछ [runu ͜ bʱʌet͡sʰʌ] | |||
– | रोएनछु [roenʌt͡sʰu] |
रोइनछु [roinʌt͡sʰu] |
रोएनछौं [roenʌt͡sʰʌ̃ũ̯] |
रोएनछस् [roenʌt͡sʰʌs] |
रोइनछेस् [roinʌt͡sʰes] |
रोएनछौ [roenʌt͡sʰʌu̯] |
रोएनछ [roenʌt͡sʰʌ] |
रोइनछे [roinʌt͡sʰe] |
रोएनछन् [roenʌt͡sʰʌn] |
रोइनछिन् [roinʌt͡sʰin] |
रुनुभएनछ [runu ͜ bʱʌenʌt͡sʰʌ] | ||||
Future | Definite | + | रुनेछु [runet͡sʰu] |
रुनेछौं [runet͡sʰʌ̃ũ̯] |
रुनेछस् [runet͡sʰʌs] |
रुनेछेस् [runet͡sʰes] |
रुनेछौ [runet͡sʰʌu̯] |
रुनेछ्यौ [runet͡sʰeu̯] |
रुनेछ [runet͡sʰʌ] |
रुनेछे [runet͡sʰe] |
रुनेछन् [runet͡sʰʌn] |
रुनेछिन् [runet͡sʰin] |
रुनुहुनेछ [runuɦunet͡sʰʌ] | ||
– | रुनेछैनँ [runet͡sʰʌi̯nʌ̃] |
रुनेछैनौं [runet͡sʰʌi̯nʌ̃ũ̯] |
रुनेछैनस् [runet͡sʰʌi̯nʌs] |
रुनेछैनेस् [runet͡sʰʌi̯nes] |
रुनेछैनौ [runet͡sʰʌi̯nʌu̯] |
रुनेछैन [runet͡sʰʌi̯nʌ] |
रुनेछैनन् [runet͡sʰʌi̯nʌn] |
रुनुहुनेछैन [runuɦunet͡sʰʌi̯nʌ] | |||||||
Indefinite | + | रोउँला [roũlä] |
रोउँली [roũli] |
रोऔंला [roʌ̃ũ̯lä] |
रोलास् [roläs] |
रोलिस् [rolis] |
रोऔला, रोलाउ [roʌu̯lä, roläu̯] |
रोऔली, रोलेउ [roʌu̯li, roleu̯] |
रोला [rolä] |
रोली [roli] |
रोलान्, रोनन् [rolän, ronʌn] |
रोलिन्, रोनिन् [rolin, ronin] |
रुनुहोला [runuɦolä] | ||
– | रोओइनँ [rooi̯nʌ̃] |
रोओइनौं [rooi̯nʌ̃ũ̯] |
रोओइनस् [rooi̯nʌs] |
रोओइनौ [rooi̯nʌu̯] |
रोओइन [rooi̯nʌ] |
रोओइनन् [rooi̯nʌn] |
रुनुहोओइन [runuɦooi̯nʌ] | ||||||||
नरोउँला [nʌ ͜ ɾoũlä] |
नरोउँली [nʌ ͜ ɾoũli] |
नरोऔंला [nʌ ͜ ɾoʌ̃ũ̯lä] |
नरोलास् [nʌ ͜ ɾoläs] |
नरोलिस् [nʌ ͜ ɾolis] |
नरोऔला, नरोलाउ [nʌ ͜ ɾoʌu̯lä, nʌ ͜ ɾoläu̯] |
नरोऔली, नरोलेउ [nʌ ͜ ɾoʌu̯li, nʌ ͜ ɾoleu̯] |
नरोला [nʌ ͜ ɾolä] |
नरोली [nʌ ͜ ɾoli] |
नरोलान्, नरोनन् [nʌ ͜ ɾolän, nʌ ͜ ɾonʌn] |
नरोलिन्, नरोनिन् [nʌ ͜ ɾolin, nʌ ͜ ɾonin] |
नरुनुहोला [nʌ ͜ ɾunuɦolä] | ||||
Injunctive | + | रोऊँ [roũ] |
रोऔं, रोऊँ [roʌ̃ũ̯, roũ] |
रो, रोएस्, रोए [ro, roes, roe] |
रोऊ, रोओ, रोए [rou, roo, roe] |
रोओस् [roos] |
रोऊन् [roun] |
रुनुहोओस् [runuɦoos] | |||||||
– | नरोऊँ [nʌ ͜ ɾoũ] |
नरोऔं, नरोऊँ [nʌ ͜ ɾoʌ̃ũ̯, nʌ ͜ ɾoũ] |
नरो, नरोएस्, नरोए [nʌ ͜ ɾo, nʌ ͜ ɾoes, nʌ ͜ ɾoe] |
नरोऊ, नरोओ, नरोए [nʌ ͜ ɾou, nʌ ͜ ɾoo, nʌ ͜ ɾoe] |
नरोओस् [nʌ ͜ ɾoos] |
नरोऊन् [nʌ ͜ ɾoun] |
नरुनुहोओस् [nʌ ͜ ɾunuɦoos] | ||||||||
Imperative | + | — | — | रो [ro] |
रोऊ, रोओ [rou, roo] |
— | — | रुनुहोस्, रुनोस् [runuɦos, runos] | |||||||
– | — | — | नरो [nʌ ͜ ɾo] |
नरोऊ, नरोओ [nʌ ͜ ɾou, nʌ ͜ ɾoo] |
— | — | नरुनुहोस्, नरुनोस् [nʌɾunuɦos, nʌɾunos] |
References
[edit]- Schmidt, Ruth L. (1993) “रुनु”, in A Practical Dictionary of Modern Nepali, Ratna Sagar, page 560
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “rōdati, rōditi”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 627
Categories:
- Nepali terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Nepali terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *HrewdH-
- Nepali terms derived from Sanskrit
- Nepali terms derived from the Sanskrit root रुद्
- Nepali terms inherited from Prakrit
- Nepali terms derived from Prakrit
- Nepali terms inherited from Sanskrit
- Nepali terms with IPA pronunciation
- Nepali lemmas
- Nepali verbs