परुष
Appearance
See also: पुरुष
Hindi
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Learned borrowing from Sanskrit परुष (paruṣa).
Adjective
[edit]परुष • (paruṣ) (indeclinable, Urdu spelling پرش)
Sanskrit
[edit]Alternative scripts
[edit]Alternative scripts
- পৰুষ (Assamese script)
- ᬧᬭᬸᬱ (Balinese script)
- পরুষ (Bengali script)
- 𑰢𑰨𑰲𑰬 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀧𑀭𑀼𑀱 (Brahmi script)
- ပရုၑ (Burmese script)
- પરુષ (Gujarati script)
- ਪਰੁਸ਼ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌪𑌰𑍁𑌷 (Grantha script)
- ꦥꦫꦸꦰ (Javanese script)
- 𑂣𑂩𑂳𑂭 (Kaithi script)
- ಪರುಷ (Kannada script)
- បរុឞ (Khmer script)
- ປຣຸຩ (Lao script)
- പരുഷ (Malayalam script)
- ᢒᠠᡵᡠᢢᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘢𑘨𑘳𑘬 (Modi script)
- ᢒᠠᠷᠤᢔᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- 𑧂𑧈𑧔𑧌 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐥𑐬𑐸𑐲 (Newa script)
- ପରୁଷ (Odia script)
- ꢦꢬꢸꢰ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆥𑆫𑆶𑆰 (Sharada script)
- 𑖢𑖨𑖲𑖬 (Siddham script)
- පරුෂ (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩰𑩼𑩒𑪀 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚞𑚤𑚰 (Takri script)
- பருஷ (Tamil script)
- పరుష (Telugu script)
- ปรุษ (Thai script)
- པ་རུ་ཥ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒣𑒩𑒳𑒭 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨞𑨫𑨃𑨯 (Zanabazar Square script)
Pronunciation
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian *parHušás, from Proto-Indo-European *pelHu-só-s, from the root *pelH- (“gray, pale”), related to पलित (palitá, “gray, hoary”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬞𐬊𐬎𐬭𐬎𐬱𐬀 (pouruša, “gray (of hair)”), Persian پیر (pir, “old”), Latin pallidus, Ancient Greek πελιτνός (pelitnós), Old Armenian ալիք (alikʻ, “wave, gray hair”).
Adjective
[edit]परुष • (paruṣá) stem
- spotted, variegated, dirty-colored
- knotty, rough, hard, stiff, rugged, rough, uneven, shaggy
- intertwined with creepers (as a tree)
- piercing, keen, sharp, violent, harsh, severe, unkind
Declension
[edit]Masculine a-stem declension of परुष (paruṣá) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | परुषः paruṣáḥ |
परुषौ / परुषा¹ paruṣaú / paruṣā́¹ |
परुषाः / परुषासः¹ paruṣā́ḥ / paruṣā́saḥ¹ |
Vocative | परुष páruṣa |
परुषौ / परुषा¹ páruṣau / páruṣā¹ |
परुषाः / परुषासः¹ páruṣāḥ / páruṣāsaḥ¹ |
Accusative | परुषम् paruṣám |
परुषौ / परुषा¹ paruṣaú / paruṣā́¹ |
परुषान् paruṣā́n |
Instrumental | परुषेण paruṣéṇa |
परुषाभ्याम् paruṣā́bhyām |
परुषैः / परुषेभिः¹ paruṣaíḥ / paruṣébhiḥ¹ |
Dative | परुषाय paruṣā́ya |
परुषाभ्याम् paruṣā́bhyām |
परुषेभ्यः paruṣébhyaḥ |
Ablative | परुषात् paruṣā́t |
परुषाभ्याम् paruṣā́bhyām |
परुषेभ्यः paruṣébhyaḥ |
Genitive | परुषस्य paruṣásya |
परुषयोः paruṣáyoḥ |
परुषाणाम् paruṣā́ṇām |
Locative | परुषे paruṣé |
परुषयोः paruṣáyoḥ |
परुषेषु paruṣéṣu |
Notes |
|
Feminine ī-stem declension of परुष्णी (páruṣṇī) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | परुष्णी páruṣṇī |
परुष्ण्यौ / परुष्णी¹ páruṣṇyau / páruṣṇī¹ |
परुष्ण्यः / परुष्णीः¹ páruṣṇyaḥ / páruṣṇīḥ¹ |
Vocative | परुष्णि páruṣṇi |
परुष्ण्यौ / परुष्णी¹ páruṣṇyau / páruṣṇī¹ |
परुष्ण्यः / परुष्णीः¹ páruṣṇyaḥ / páruṣṇīḥ¹ |
Accusative | परुष्णीम् páruṣṇīm |
परुष्ण्यौ / परुष्णी¹ páruṣṇyau / páruṣṇī¹ |
परुष्णीः páruṣṇīḥ |
Instrumental | परुष्ण्या páruṣṇyā |
परुष्णीभ्याम् páruṣṇībhyām |
परुष्णीभिः páruṣṇībhiḥ |
Dative | परुष्ण्यै páruṣṇyai |
परुष्णीभ्याम् páruṣṇībhyām |
परुष्णीभ्यः páruṣṇībhyaḥ |
Ablative | परुष्ण्याः / परुष्ण्यै² páruṣṇyāḥ / páruṣṇyai² |
परुष्णीभ्याम् páruṣṇībhyām |
परुष्णीभ्यः páruṣṇībhyaḥ |
Genitive | परुष्ण्याः / परुष्ण्यै² páruṣṇyāḥ / páruṣṇyai² |
परुष्ण्योः páruṣṇyoḥ |
परुष्णीनाम् páruṣṇīnām |
Locative | परुष्ण्याम् páruṣṇyām |
परुष्ण्योः páruṣṇyoḥ |
परुष्णीषु páruṣṇīṣu |
Notes |
|
Neuter a-stem declension of परुष (paruṣá) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | परुषम् paruṣám |
परुषे paruṣé |
परुषाणि / परुषा¹ paruṣā́ṇi / paruṣā́¹ |
Vocative | परुष páruṣa |
परुषे páruṣe |
परुषाणि / परुषा¹ páruṣāṇi / páruṣā¹ |
Accusative | परुषम् paruṣám |
परुषे paruṣé |
परुषाणि / परुषा¹ paruṣā́ṇi / paruṣā́¹ |
Instrumental | परुषेण paruṣéṇa |
परुषाभ्याम् paruṣā́bhyām |
परुषैः / परुषेभिः¹ paruṣaíḥ / paruṣébhiḥ¹ |
Dative | परुषाय paruṣā́ya |
परुषाभ्याम् paruṣā́bhyām |
परुषेभ्यः paruṣébhyaḥ |
Ablative | परुषात् paruṣā́t |
परुषाभ्याम् paruṣā́bhyām |
परुषेभ्यः paruṣébhyaḥ |
Genitive | परुषस्य paruṣásya |
परुषयोः paruṣáyoḥ |
परुषाणाम् paruṣā́ṇām |
Locative | परुषे paruṣé |
परुषयोः paruṣáyoḥ |
परुषेषु paruṣéṣu |
Notes |
|
Etymology 2
[edit]See परूषक (parūṣaka, “phalsa tree”).
Noun
[edit]परुष • (paruṣa) stem, m
- a reed
- an arrow
- phalsa (Grewia asiatica) or cannonball mangrove (Xylocarpus granatum)
Declension
[edit]Masculine a-stem declension of परुष (paruṣa) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | परुषः paruṣaḥ |
परुषौ / परुषा¹ paruṣau / paruṣā¹ |
परुषाः / परुषासः¹ paruṣāḥ / paruṣāsaḥ¹ |
Vocative | परुष paruṣa |
परुषौ / परुषा¹ paruṣau / paruṣā¹ |
परुषाः / परुषासः¹ paruṣāḥ / paruṣāsaḥ¹ |
Accusative | परुषम् paruṣam |
परुषौ / परुषा¹ paruṣau / paruṣā¹ |
परुषान् paruṣān |
Instrumental | परुषेण paruṣeṇa |
परुषाभ्याम् paruṣābhyām |
परुषैः / परुषेभिः¹ paruṣaiḥ / paruṣebhiḥ¹ |
Dative | परुषाय paruṣāya |
परुषाभ्याम् paruṣābhyām |
परुषेभ्यः paruṣebhyaḥ |
Ablative | परुषात् paruṣāt |
परुषाभ्याम् paruṣābhyām |
परुषेभ्यः paruṣebhyaḥ |
Genitive | परुषस्य paruṣasya |
परुषयोः paruṣayoḥ |
परुषाणाम् paruṣāṇām |
Locative | परुषे paruṣe |
परुषयोः paruṣayoḥ |
परुषेषु paruṣeṣu |
Notes |
|
Noun
[edit]परुष • (paruṣa) stem, n
- harsh and contumelious speech, abuse, etc.
Declension
[edit]Neuter a-stem declension of परुष (paruṣa) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | परुषम् paruṣam |
परुषे paruṣe |
परुषाणि / परुषा¹ paruṣāṇi / paruṣā¹ |
Vocative | परुष paruṣa |
परुषे paruṣe |
परुषाणि / परुषा¹ paruṣāṇi / paruṣā¹ |
Accusative | परुषम् paruṣam |
परुषे paruṣe |
परुषाणि / परुषा¹ paruṣāṇi / paruṣā¹ |
Instrumental | परुषेण paruṣeṇa |
परुषाभ्याम् paruṣābhyām |
परुषैः / परुषेभिः¹ paruṣaiḥ / paruṣebhiḥ¹ |
Dative | परुषाय paruṣāya |
परुषाभ्याम् paruṣābhyām |
परुषेभ्यः paruṣebhyaḥ |
Ablative | परुषात् paruṣāt |
परुषाभ्याम् paruṣābhyām |
परुषेभ्यः paruṣebhyaḥ |
Genitive | परुषस्य paruṣasya |
परुषयोः paruṣayoḥ |
परुषाणाम् paruṣāṇām |
Locative | परुषे paruṣe |
परुषयोः paruṣayoḥ |
परुषेषु paruṣeṣu |
Notes |
|
References
[edit]- Monier Williams (1899) “परुष”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, pages 605/3, 606/1.
- Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][1] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 95
- Mayrhofer, Manfred (2001) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][2] (in German), volume 3, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 305
Categories:
- Hindi terms borrowed from Sanskrit
- Hindi learned borrowings from Sanskrit
- Hindi terms derived from Sanskrit
- Hindi lemmas
- Hindi adjectives
- Hindi indeclinable adjectives
- Sanskrit terms with IPA pronunciation
- Sanskrit terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Sanskrit terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *pelH-
- Sanskrit terms derived from Proto-Indo-Iranian
- Sanskrit terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Sanskrit terms inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian
- Sanskrit lemmas
- Sanskrit adjectives
- Sanskrit adjectives in Devanagari script
- Sanskrit terms with quotations
- Sanskrit a-stem adjectives
- Sanskrit nouns
- Sanskrit nouns in Devanagari script
- Sanskrit masculine nouns
- Sanskrit a-stem nouns
- Sanskrit neuter nouns