परीक्षा

See also: परीक्ष्

Hindi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit परीक्षा (parīkṣā).

Pronunciation

• (Delhi) IPA^(key): /pə.ɾiːk.ʂɑː/, [pɐ.ɾiːk.ʃäː]

Noun

परीक्षा • (parīkṣā) f (Urdu spelling پریکشا)

1. test, examination

   वह जजी की परीक्षा ले रहा है।

   vah jajī kī parīkṣā le rahā hai.

   He is taking the examination for judgeship/justiceship.

Declension

Declension of परीक्षा (fem ā-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	परीक्षा parīkṣā	परीक्षाएँ parīkṣāẽ
oblique	परीक्षा parīkṣā	परीक्षाओं parīkṣāõ
vocative	परीक्षा parīkṣā	परीक्षाओ parīkṣāo

Synonyms

• जाँच (jā̃c)
• इम्तिहान (imtihān)

References

• John T. Platts (2012 January 8 (last accessed)) “A Dictionary of Urdu, Classical Hindi, and English”, in (Please provide the book title or journal name)‎^[1]

Marathi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit परीक्षा (parīkṣā).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /pə.ɾik.ʂa/

Noun

परीक्षा • (parīkṣā) f

1. examination
2. test

   Synonym: चाचणी (ċāċṇī)

Declension

Declension of परीक्षा (fem ā-stem)
direct singular	परीक्षा parīkṣā
direct plural	परीक्षा parīkṣā
	singular एकवचन		plural अनेकवचन
nominative प्रथमा	परीक्षा parīkṣā		परीक्षा parīkṣā
oblique सामान्यरूप	परीक्षे parīkṣe		परीक्षां- parīkṣān-
acc. / dative द्वितीया / चतुर्थी	परीक्षेला parīkṣelā		परीक्षांना parīkṣānnā
ergative	परीक्षेने, परीक्षेनं parīkṣene, parīkṣena		परीक्षांनी parīkṣānnī
instrumental	परीक्षेशी parīkṣeśī		परीक्षांशी parīkṣānśī
locative सप्तमी	परीक्षेत parīkṣet		परीक्षांत parīkṣāt
vocative संबोधन	परीक्षे parīkṣe		परीक्षांनो parīkṣānno
Oblique Note: The oblique case precedes all postpositions. There is no space between the stem and the postposition. Locative Note: -त (-ta) is a postposition.

Genitive declension of परीक्षा (fem ā-stem)
	masculine object पुल्लिंगी कर्म		feminine object स्त्रीलिंगी कर्म		neuter object नपुसकलिंगी कर्म		oblique सामान्यरूप
	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	singular* एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन
singular subject एकवचनी कर्ता	परीक्षेचा parīkṣeċā	परीक्षेचे parīkṣeċe	परीक्षेची parīkṣecī	परीक्षेच्या parīkṣecā	परीक्षेचे, परीक्षेचं parīkṣeċe, parīkṣeċa	परीक्षेची parīkṣecī	परीक्षेच्या parīkṣecā
plural subject अनेकवचनी कर्ता	परीक्षांचा parīkṣānċā	परीक्षांचे parīkṣānċe	परीक्षांची parīkṣāñcī	परीक्षांच्या parīkṣāncā	परीक्षांचे, परीक्षांचं parīkṣānċe, parīkṣānċa	परीक्षांची parīkṣāñcī	परीक्षांच्या parīkṣāñcā
* Note: Word-final ए (e) in neuter words is alternatively written with the anusvara and pronounced as अ (a). Oblique Note: For most postpostions, the oblique genitive can be optionally inserted between the stem and the postposition.

References

• Berntsen, Maxine (1982–1983) “परीक्षा”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies
• Molesworth, James Thomas (1857) “परीक्षा”, in A dictionary, Marathi and English, Bombay: Printed for government at the Bombay Education Society's Press
• Shridhar Ganesh Vaze (1911) “परीक्षा”, in The Aryabhusan School Dictionary, Poona: Arya-Bhushan Press
• दाते, यशवंत रामकृष्ण [Date, Yashwant Ramkrishna] (1932-1950) “परीक्षा”, in महाराष्ट्र शब्दकोश (mahārāṣṭra śabdakoś) (in Marathi), पुणे [Pune]: महाराष्ट्र कोशमंडळ (mahārāṣṭra kośmaṇḍaḷ).

Nepali

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit परीक्षा (parīkṣā).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [pʌɾik̚t͡sʰjä]
• Phonetic Devanagari: परिछा

Noun

परीक्षा • (parīkṣā)

1. test, examination

Synonyms

• जाँच (jā̃c)

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• পৰীক্ষা (Assamese script)
• ᬧᬭᬷᬓ᭄ᬱᬵ (Balinese script)
• পরীক্ষা (Bengali script)
• 𑰢𑰨𑰱𑰎𑰿𑰬𑰯 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀧𑀭𑀻𑀓𑁆𑀱𑀸 (Brahmi script)
• ပရီက္ၑာ (Burmese script)
• પરીક્ષા (Gujarati script)
• ਪਰੀਕ੍ਸ਼ਾ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌪𑌰𑍀𑌕𑍍𑌷𑌾 (Grantha script)
• ꦥꦫꦷꦏ꧀ꦰꦴ (Javanese script)
• 𑂣𑂩𑂲𑂍𑂹𑂭𑂰 (Kaithi script)
• ಪರೀಕ್ಷಾ (Kannada script)
• បរីក្ឞា (Khmer script)
• ປຣີກ຺ຩາ (Lao script)
• പരീക്ഷാ (Malayalam script)
• ᢒᠠᡵᡳᡳᡬᢢᠠᢇ (Manchu script)
• 𑘢𑘨𑘲𑘎𑘿𑘬𑘰 (Modi script)
• ᢒᠠᠷᠢᠢᢉᢔᠠ᠋᠎ᠠ (Mongolian script)
• 𑧂𑧈𑧓𑦮𑧠𑧌𑧑 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐥𑐬𑐷𑐎𑑂𑐲𑐵 (Newa script)
• ପରୀକ୍ଷା (Odia script)
• ꢦꢬꢷꢒ꣄ꢰꢵ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆥𑆫𑆵𑆑𑇀𑆰𑆳 (Sharada script)
• 𑖢𑖨𑖱𑖎𑖿𑖬𑖯 (Siddham script)
• පරීක්‍ෂා (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩰𑩼𑩑𑩛𑩜 𑪙𑪀𑩛 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚞𑚤𑚯𑚊𑚶𑚭 (Takri script)
• பரீக்ஷா (Tamil script)
• పరీక్షా (Telugu script)
• ปรีกฺษา (Thai script)
• པ་རཱི་ཀྵཱ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒣𑒩𑒲𑒏𑓂𑒭𑒰 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨞𑨫𑨁𑨊𑨋𑩇𑨯𑨊 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

From the root परीक्ष् (parīkṣ)

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /pɐ.ɾiːk.ʂɑː/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /pɐˈɾiːk.ʂɑː/

Noun

परीक्षा • (parīkṣā) stem, f

1. inspection, investigation, examination, test, trial by ordeal of various kinds

Declension

Feminine ā-stem declension of परीक्षा (parīkṣā)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	परीक्षा parīkṣā	परीक्षे parīkṣe	परीक्षाः parīkṣāḥ
Vocative	परीक्षे parīkṣe	परीक्षे parīkṣe	परीक्षाः parīkṣāḥ
Accusative	परीक्षाम् parīkṣām	परीक्षे parīkṣe	परीक्षाः parīkṣāḥ
Instrumental	परीक्षया / परीक्षा¹ parīkṣayā / parīkṣā¹	परीक्षाभ्याम् parīkṣābhyām	परीक्षाभिः parīkṣābhiḥ
Dative	परीक्षायै parīkṣāyai	परीक्षाभ्याम् parīkṣābhyām	परीक्षाभ्यः parīkṣābhyaḥ
Ablative	परीक्षायाः / परीक्षायै² parīkṣāyāḥ / parīkṣāyai²	परीक्षाभ्याम् parīkṣābhyām	परीक्षाभ्यः parīkṣābhyaḥ
Genitive	परीक्षायाः / परीक्षायै² parīkṣāyāḥ / parīkṣāyai²	परीक्षयोः parīkṣayoḥ	परीक्षाणाम् parīkṣāṇām
Locative	परीक्षायाम् parīkṣāyām	परीक्षयोः parīkṣayoḥ	परीक्षासु parīkṣāsu
Notes	¹Vedic ²Brāhmaṇas

Descendants

• Punjabi: ਪਰਖ (parakh), ਪਰੀਖਿਆ (parīkhiā)
• → Bengali: পরীক্ষা (porikkha)
• → Hindi: परीक्षा (parīkṣā)
• → Khmer: បរីក្សា (paʼreksaa)
• → Malay: periksa
  • > Indonesian: periksa (inherited)
  • → Tagalog: paligsa
• → Old Javanese: parīkṣa
  • > Javanese: ꦥꦫꦶꦏ꧀ꦱ (pariksa) (inherited)
• → Tamil: பரீட்சை (parīṭcai), பரிட்சை (pariṭcai)
• → Telugu: పరీక్ష (parīkṣa)

References

• Monier Williams (1899) “परीक्षा”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 605/3.