तप

See also: तपु, तोप, and ताप

Hindi

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• (Delhi) IPA^(key): /t̪əp/, [t̪ɐp]

Noun

तप • (tap) m

1. devout austerity; asceticism

   Synonym: तपस्या (tapasyā)

Verb

तप • (tap)

1. inflection of तपना (tapnā):
   1. stem
   2. second-person singular intimate present imperative

References

• Bahri, Hardev (1989) “तप”, in Siksarthi Hindi-Angrejhi Sabdakosa [Learners' Hindi-English Dictionary], Delhi: Rajpal & Sons.
• Caturvedi, Mahendra, Bhola Nath Tiwari (1970) “तप”, in A practical Hindi-English dictionary, Delhi: National Publishing House
• Dāsa, Śyāmasundara (1965–1975) “तप”, in Hindī Śabdasāgara [lit. Sea of Hindi words] (in Hindi), Kashi [Varanasi]: Nagari Pracarini Sabha
• McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “तप”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press
• Platts, John T. (1884) “तप”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.

Khaling

Noun

तप (tap)

1. section (in a series of events), part, volume (of a book)

References

• “तप”, in खालिङ - नेपाली - अङ्‍ग्रेजी शब्दकोश (Khaling - Nepali - English Dictionary), Nepal: SIL International, 2016.

Sanskrit

Etymology

तप् (tap, “to give out heat, be hot, shine”) +‎ -अ (-a).

Adjective

तप • (tapa) stem (root तप्)

1. (at the end of a compound) "consuming by heat"
2. (at the end of a compound) "causing pain or trouble, distressing"
3. (at the end of a compound) tormented by

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of तप

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	तपः (tapaḥ)	तपौ (tapau) तपा¹ (tapā¹)	तपाः (tapāḥ) तपासः¹ (tapāsaḥ¹)
vocative	तप (tapa)	तपौ (tapau) तपा¹ (tapā¹)	तपाः (tapāḥ) तपासः¹ (tapāsaḥ¹)
accusative	तपम् (tapam)	तपौ (tapau) तपा¹ (tapā¹)	तपान् (tapān)
instrumental	तपेन (tapena)	तपाभ्याम् (tapābhyām)	तपैः (tapaiḥ) तपेभिः¹ (tapebhiḥ¹)
dative	तपाय (tapāya)	तपाभ्याम् (tapābhyām)	तपेभ्यः (tapebhyaḥ)
ablative	तपात् (tapāt)	तपाभ्याम् (tapābhyām)	तपेभ्यः (tapebhyaḥ)
genitive	तपस्य (tapasya)	तपयोः (tapayoḥ)	तपानाम् (tapānām)
locative	तपे (tape)	तपयोः (tapayoḥ)	तपेषु (tapeṣu)

• ¹Vedic

Feminine ā-stem declension of तपा

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	तपा (tapā)	तपे (tape)	तपाः (tapāḥ)
vocative	तपे (tape)	तपे (tape)	तपाः (tapāḥ)
accusative	तपाम् (tapām)	तपे (tape)	तपाः (tapāḥ)
instrumental	तपया (tapayā) तपा¹ (tapā¹)	तपाभ्याम् (tapābhyām)	तपाभिः (tapābhiḥ)
dative	तपायै (tapāyai)	तपाभ्याम् (tapābhyām)	तपाभ्यः (tapābhyaḥ)
ablative	तपायाः (tapāyāḥ) तपायै² (tapāyai²)	तपाभ्याम् (tapābhyām)	तपाभ्यः (tapābhyaḥ)
genitive	तपायाः (tapāyāḥ) तपायै² (tapāyai²)	तपयोः (tapayoḥ)	तपानाम् (tapānām)
locative	तपायाम् (tapāyām)	तपयोः (tapayoḥ)	तपासु (tapāsu)

• ¹Vedic
• ²Brāhmaṇas

Neuter a-stem declension of तप

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	तपम् (tapam)	तपे (tape)	तपानि (tapāni) तपा¹ (tapā¹)
vocative	तप (tapa)	तपे (tape)	तपानि (tapāni) तपा¹ (tapā¹)
accusative	तपम् (tapam)	तपे (tape)	तपानि (tapāni) तपा¹ (tapā¹)
instrumental	तपेन (tapena)	तपाभ्याम् (tapābhyām)	तपैः (tapaiḥ) तपेभिः¹ (tapebhiḥ¹)
dative	तपाय (tapāya)	तपाभ्याम् (tapābhyām)	तपेभ्यः (tapebhyaḥ)
ablative	तपात् (tapāt)	तपाभ्याम् (tapābhyām)	तपेभ्यः (tapebhyaḥ)
genitive	तपस्य (tapasya)	तपयोः (tapayoḥ)	तपानाम् (tapānām)
locative	तपे (tape)	तपयोः (tapayoḥ)	तपेषु (tapeṣu)

• ¹Vedic

Noun

तप • (tapa) stem, m (root तप्)

1. heat, warmth
2. the hot season
3. sun
4. Alternative form of तपस् (tapas), religious austerity (compare महातप (mahā-tapa) and सुतप (su-tapa))
5. a peculiar form of fire (which is generated the seven mothers of Skanda)
6. Indra
7. name of an attendant of Shiva

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of तप

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	तपः (tapaḥ)	तपौ (tapau) तपा¹ (tapā¹)	तपाः (tapāḥ) तपासः¹ (tapāsaḥ¹)
vocative	तप (tapa)	तपौ (tapau) तपा¹ (tapā¹)	तपाः (tapāḥ) तपासः¹ (tapāsaḥ¹)
accusative	तपम् (tapam)	तपौ (tapau) तपा¹ (tapā¹)	तपान् (tapān)
instrumental	तपेन (tapena)	तपाभ्याम् (tapābhyām)	तपैः (tapaiḥ) तपेभिः¹ (tapebhiḥ¹)
dative	तपाय (tapāya)	तपाभ्याम् (tapābhyām)	तपेभ्यः (tapebhyaḥ)
ablative	तपात् (tapāt)	तपाभ्याम् (tapābhyām)	तपेभ्यः (tapebhyaḥ)
genitive	तपस्य (tapasya)	तपयोः (tapayoḥ)	तपानाम् (tapānām)
locative	तपे (tape)	तपयोः (tapayoḥ)	तपेषु (tapeṣu)

• ¹Vedic

References

• Monier Williams (1899) “तप”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 0436.