जम्भ

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• জম্ভ (Assamese script)
• ᬚᬫ᭄ᬪ (Balinese script)
• জম্ভ (Bengali script)
• 𑰕𑰦𑰿𑰥 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀚𑀫𑁆𑀪 (Brahmi script)
• ဇမ္ဘ (Burmese script)
• જમ્ભ (Gujarati script)
• ਜਮ੍ਭ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌜𑌮𑍍𑌭 (Grantha script)
• ꦗꦩ꧀ꦨ (Javanese script)
• 𑂔𑂧𑂹𑂦 (Kaithi script)
• ಜಮ್ಭ (Kannada script)
• ជម្ភ (Khmer script)
• ຊມ຺ຠ (Lao script)
• ജമ്ഭ (Malayalam script)
• ᡯᠠᠮᢨᠠ (Manchu script)
• 𑘕𑘦𑘿𑘥 (Modi script)
• ᠽᠠᠮᠪᠾᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
• 𑦵𑧆𑧠𑧅 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐖𑐩𑑂𑐨 (Newa script)
• ଜମ୍ଭ (Odia script)
• ꢙꢪ꣄ꢩ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆘𑆩𑇀𑆨 (Sharada script)
• 𑖕𑖦𑖿𑖥 (Siddham script)
• ජම‍්භ (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩣𑩴 𑪙𑩳 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚑𑚢𑚶𑚡 (Takri script)
• ஜம்ப⁴ (Tamil script)
• జమ్భ (Telugu script)
• ชมฺภ (Thai script)
• ཛ་མྦྷ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒖𑒧𑓂𑒦 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨥𑨢𑩇𑨡 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ámbʰas (“tooth, jaw”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵómbʰos (“tooth”). Cognate with Pashto ژامه (žā́ma, “jaw”), Ancient Greek γόμφος (gómphos).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /d͡ʑɐ́m.bʱɐ/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ˈd͡ʑɐm.bʱɐ/

Noun

जम्भ • (jámbha) stem, m

1. tooth, eyetooth, tusk
   • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 4.7.10:

     सद्यो जातस्य ददृशानमोजो यदस्य वातो अनुवाति शोचिः।
     वृणक्ति तिग्मामतसेषु जिह्वां स्थिरा चिदन्ना दयते वि जम्भैः॥

     sadyo jātasya dadṛśānamojo yadasya vāto anuvāti śociḥ.
     vṛṇakti tigmāmataseṣu jihvāṃ sthirā cidannā dayate vi jambhaiḥ.

     Yet newly born, his vigour is apparent when the wind blows upon his fiery splendour,
     His sharpened tongue he layeth on the brushwood, and with his teeth even solid food consumeth.

2. (in the plural) set of teeth, mouth, jaws
3. swallowing
4. one who crushes or swallows (as a demon)
5. name of several demons (conquered by Vishnu, Krishna or Indra)
6. a leader of the demons in the war against the gods under Indra
7. Indra's thunderbolt

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of जम्भ (jámbha)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	जम्भः jámbhaḥ	जम्भौ / जम्भा¹ jámbhau / jámbhā¹	जम्भाः / जम्भासः¹ jámbhāḥ / jámbhāsaḥ¹
Vocative	जम्भ jámbha	जम्भौ / जम्भा¹ jámbhau / jámbhā¹	जम्भाः / जम्भासः¹ jámbhāḥ / jámbhāsaḥ¹
Accusative	जम्भम् jámbham	जम्भौ / जम्भा¹ jámbhau / jámbhā¹	जम्भान् jámbhān
Instrumental	जम्भेन jámbhena	जम्भाभ्याम् jámbhābhyām	जम्भैः / जम्भेभिः¹ jámbhaiḥ / jámbhebhiḥ¹
Dative	जम्भाय jámbhāya	जम्भाभ्याम् jámbhābhyām	जम्भेभ्यः jámbhebhyaḥ
Ablative	जम्भात् jámbhāt	जम्भाभ्याम् jámbhābhyām	जम्भेभ्यः jámbhebhyaḥ
Genitive	जम्भस्य jámbhasya	जम्भयोः jámbhayoḥ	जम्भानाम् jámbhānām
Locative	जम्भे jámbhe	जम्भयोः jámbhayoḥ	जम्भेषु jámbheṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Descendants

• Magadhi Prakrit:
  • • Bengali: জাবর (jabor)
• Maharastri Prakrit: (with Middle Indo-Aryan -𑀟- (-ḍa-) + -𑀓- (-ka-))
  • Old Marathi:
    • Marathi: जबडा (jabḍā)
• Paisaci Prakrit:
  • Punjabi: ਜਬਾੜਾ (jabāṛā)
• Sauraseni Prakrit:
  • Romani: ćham (“cheek”)
    • Angloromani: cham
• Sauraseni Prakrit: (with Middle Indo-Aryan -𑀟- (-ḍa-) + -𑀓- (-ka-))
  • Sauraseni Apabhramsa:
    • Old Hindi:
      • Hindustani:

        Hindi: जबड़ा (jabṛā)

        Urdu: جَبْڑَا (jabṛā)
• → Hindi: जंभ (jambh) (learned)

References

• Monier Williams (1899) “जम्भ”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 0412.
• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “jámbha”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press