गोष्ठ

Sanskrit

FWOTD – 13 February 2024

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• গোষ্ঠ (Assamese script)
• ᬕᭀᬱ᭄ᬞ (Balinese script)
• গোষ্ঠ (Bengali script)
• 𑰐𑰺𑰬𑰿𑰙 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀕𑁄𑀱𑁆𑀞 (Brahmi script)
• ဂေါၑ္ဌ (Burmese script)
• ગોષ્ઠ (Gujarati script)
• ਗੋਸ਼੍ਠ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌗𑍋𑌷𑍍𑌠 (Grantha script)
• ꦒꦺꦴꦰ꧀ꦜ (Javanese script)
• 𑂏𑂷𑂭𑂹𑂘 (Kaithi script)
• ಗೋಷ್ಠ (Kannada script)
• គោឞ្ឋ (Khmer script)
• ໂຄຩ຺ຐ (Lao script)
• ഗോഷ്ഠ (Malayalam script)
• ᡤᠣᢢᡱᠠ (Manchu script)
• 𑘐𑘻𑘬𑘿𑘙 (Modi script)
• ᠺᠣᠸᠠᢔᢍᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
• 𑦰𑧜𑧌𑧠𑦹 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐐𑑀𑐲𑑂𑐛 (Newa script)
• ଗୋଷ୍ଠ (Odia script)
• ꢔꣂꢰ꣄ꢝ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆓𑆾𑆰𑇀𑆜 (Sharada script)
• 𑖐𑖺𑖬𑖿𑖙 (Siddham script)
• ගොෂ‍්ඨ (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩞𑩕𑪀 𑪙𑩧 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚌𑚴𑚶𑚕 (Takri script)
• கே³ாஷ்ட² (Tamil script)
• గోష్ఠ (Telugu script)
• โคษฺฐ (Thai script)
• གོ་ཥྛ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒑𑒼𑒭𑓂𑒚 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨍𑨆𑨯𑩇𑨕 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *gʷṓws

Proto-Indo-European *steh₂-

Sanskrit गोष्ठ (goṣṭha)

Inherited from Proto-Indo-European *gʷow-sth₂-ó-, from *gʷṓws (“cow”) + *steh₂- (“to stand”). By surface analysis, गो (go) +‎ स्थ (stha). Cognate with Celtiberian boustom (“cow-house”).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɡɐwʂ.ʈʰɐ́/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ˈɡoːʂ.ʈʰɐ/

Noun

गोष्ठ • (goṣṭhá) stem, m

1. cow-pen, cowshed, cattle abode
   • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 6.28.1:

     आ गावो अग्मन्नुत भद्रमक्रन्त्सीदन्तु गोष्ठे रणयन्त्वस्मे ।

     ā gāvo agmannuta bhadramakrantsīdantu goṣṭhe raṇayantvasme.

     The cows have come and brought good fortune: let them rest in the cow-pen and be happy near us.

   • c. 1200 BCE – 1000 BCE, Atharvaveda
2. stable (for other domesticated animals)
   • c. 400 BCE, Mahābhārata
3. meeting-place
4. a male given name

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of गोष्ठ (goṣṭhá)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	गोष्ठः goṣṭháḥ	गोष्ठौ / गोष्ठा¹ goṣṭhaú / goṣṭhā́¹	गोष्ठाः / गोष्ठासः¹ goṣṭhā́ḥ / goṣṭhā́saḥ¹
Vocative	गोष्ठ góṣṭha	गोष्ठौ / गोष्ठा¹ góṣṭhau / góṣṭhā¹	गोष्ठाः / गोष्ठासः¹ góṣṭhāḥ / góṣṭhāsaḥ¹
Accusative	गोष्ठम् goṣṭhám	गोष्ठौ / गोष्ठा¹ goṣṭhaú / goṣṭhā́¹	गोष्ठान् goṣṭhā́n
Instrumental	गोष्ठेन goṣṭhéna	गोष्ठाभ्याम् goṣṭhā́bhyām	गोष्ठैः / गोष्ठेभिः¹ goṣṭhaíḥ / goṣṭhébhiḥ¹
Dative	गोष्ठाय goṣṭhā́ya	गोष्ठाभ्याम् goṣṭhā́bhyām	गोष्ठेभ्यः goṣṭhébhyaḥ
Ablative	गोष्ठात् goṣṭhā́t	गोष्ठाभ्याम् goṣṭhā́bhyām	गोष्ठेभ्यः goṣṭhébhyaḥ
Genitive	गोष्ठस्य goṣṭhásya	गोष्ठयोः goṣṭháyoḥ	गोष्ठानाम् goṣṭhā́nām
Locative	गोष्ठे goṣṭhé	गोष्ठयोः goṣṭháyoḥ	गोष्ठेषु goṣṭhéṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Descendants

• Dardic:
  • Kalasha: goṣṭ
• Pali: goṭṭha
• Prakrit: 𑀕𑁄𑀝𑁆𑀞 (gŏṭṭha)
  • Eastern:
    • Magadhi Prakrit:
      • Bengali: গোঠ (gōṭh)
      • Bhojpuri: गोठ (gōṭh)
      • Odia: ଗୋଠ (goṭha), ଗୁଠ (guṭha)
  • Northern:
    • Khasa Prakrit:
      • Kumaoni: गोठ (goṭh)
      • Nepali: गोठ (goṭh)
  • Northwestern:
    • Paisaci Prakrit:
      • Sindhi: g̠oṭhu

        Arabic script: ڳوٺُ

        Devanagari script: ॻोठु

  • Southern:
    • Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀕𑁄𑀝𑁆𑀞 (goṭṭha), 𑀕𑀼𑀝𑁆𑀞 (guṭṭha)
      • Konkani: goṭo

        Devanagari script: गोटो

        Kannada script: ಗೊಟೊ

        Latin script: gotto

      • Marathi: गोठा (goṭhā)
  • Western:
    • Gujarati: ગોઠો (goṭho), ગોઠા (goṭhā)
• → South Dravidian:
  • Old Kannada: ಕೊಟ್ಟಗೆ (koṭṭage)
    • Kannada: ಕೊಟ್ಟಿಗೆ (koṭṭige)
      • → Konkani: कोड्के (koḍke)
  • Tamil: கொட்டகை (koṭṭakai), கொட்டகம் (koṭṭakam)
• Punjabic:
  • Punjabi: gohth

    Gurmukhi script: ਗੋਹਥ

    Shahmukhi script: گوہتھ

References

• Monier Williams (1899) “गोष्ठ”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 367.
• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “goṣṭha”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press

Further reading

• Hellwig, Oliver (2010–2025) “goṣṭha”, in DCS - The Digital Corpus of Sanskrit, Berlin, Germany.