क्रोशति

Sanskrit

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-Iranian *kráwćati

Sanskrit क्रोशति (krośati)

Inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian *kráwćati, perhaps ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *k(V)r-.

Cognate with Avestan 𐬑𐬭𐬀𐬊𐬯𐬆𐬧𐬙𐬄𐬨 𐬎𐬞𐬁 (xraosəṇtąm upā), Younger Avestan 𐬑𐬭𐬀𐬊𐬯𐬌𐬌𐬈𐬌𐬙𐬌 (xraosiieⁱti, “to call out, cry”), Middle Persian [script needed] (hlwstn' /⁠xrōstan⁠/, “to call, cry”), Parthian xrws (“to call out”), and perhaps also Lithuanian kriõkti (“to grunt”), Ancient Greek κρώζω (krṓzō), Latin crociō (“to croak like a raven”).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /kɾɐ́w.ɕɐ.ti/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ˈkɾoː.ɕɐ.t̪i/

Verb

क्रोशति • (króśati) third-singular indicative (class 1, type P, present, root क्रुश्)

1. to cry out, shriek, yell, bawl, call out, halloo
   • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda
   • c. 1200 BCE – 1000 BCE, Atharvaveda
   • c. 400 BCE, Mahābhārata
2. to exclaim
   • c. 500 BCE – 100 BCE, Rāmāyaṇa 1.9.59
3. to lament, weep
   • c. 200 BCE – 200 CE, Manusmṛti
   • c. 400 BCE, Mahābhārata
4. to make a singing noise (as the ear)
   • Kauś 58

Descendants

• Prakrit: *𑀓𑁄𑀲𑀇 (*kosaï)
  • Garhwali: कोसणु (kosṇu)
  • Hindustani:
    • Hindi: कोसना (kosnā)
      • → Punjabi:
        • Gurmukhi script: ਕੋਸਣਾ (kosṇā)
        • Shahmukhi script: کوسنا (kosṇā)
    • Urdu: کوسْنَا (kosnā)
  • Romani: koshel

Further reading

• Monier Williams (1899) “क्रोशति”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 322.