अधिकार

See also: अंधकार and अधिकारी

Hindi

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit अधिकार (adhikāra). Equivalent to अधि- (adhi-, “encompassing”) +‎ कार (kār, “work”).

Pronunciation

• (Delhi) IPA^(key): /ə.d̪ʱɪ.kɑːɾ/, [ɐ.d̪ʱɪ.käːɾ]

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

अधिकार • (adhikār) m (Urdu spelling ادھکار)

1. right, prerogative

   Synonym: हक़ (haq)

   तुम्हें दख़ल देने का कोई अधिकार नहीं है।

   tumhẽ daxal dene kā koī adhikār nahī̃ hai.

   You have no right to interfere.

2. authority

   पुलिस को गिरफ़्तार करने का अधिकार है।

   pulis ko giraftār karne kā adhikār hai.

   The police have the authority to arrest.

3. power

   उसके अधिकार घटा दिए गये हैं

   uske adhikār ghaṭā die gaye ha͠i

   His powers have been curtailed.

Declension

Declension of अधिकार (masc cons-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	अधिकार adhikār	अधिकार adhikār
oblique	अधिकार adhikār	अधिकारों adhikārõ
vocative	अधिकार adhikār	अधिकारो adhikāro

Related terms

• अधिकारी (adhikārī)

Further reading

• Bahri, Hardev (1989) “अधिकार”, in Siksarthi Hindi-Angrejhi Sabdakosa [Learners' Hindi-English Dictionary], Delhi: Rajpal & Sons.
• McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “अधिकार”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press

Marathi

Etymology

Inherited from Old Marathi अधिकार (adhikāra), from Sanskrit अधिकार (adhikāra).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ə.d̪ʱi.kaɾ/

Noun

अधिकार • (adhikār) m

1. right

   Synonym: हक्क (hakka)

   त्याचा ह्या मालमत्तेवर अधिकार नाही।

   tyācā hyā mālmattevar adhikār nāhī.

   He has no right over this property.

2. authority, power

   कायदेशीर अधिकार ― kāydeśīr adhikār ― Legal authority

3. public charge, public employment

Declension

Declension of अधिकार (masc cons-stem)
direct singular	अधिकार adhikāra
direct plural	अधिकार adhikāra
	singular एकवचन		plural अनेकवचन
nominative प्रथमा	अधिकार adhikāra		अधिकार adhikāra
oblique सामान्यरूप	अधिकारा adhikāraā		अधिकारां- adhikāraān-
acc. / dative द्वितीया / चतुर्थी	अधिकाराला adhikāraālā		अधिकारांना adhikāraānnā
ergative	अधिकाराने, अधिकारानं adhikāraāne, adhikāraāna		अधिकारांनी adhikāraānnī
instrumental	अधिकाराशी adhikāraāśī		अधिकारांशी adhikāraānśī
locative सप्तमी	अधिकारात adhikāraāt		अधिकारांत adhikāraāt
vocative संबोधन	अधिकारा adhikāraā		अधिकारांनो adhikāraānno
Oblique Note: The oblique case precedes all postpositions. There is no space between the stem and the postposition. Locative Note: -त (-ta) is a postposition.

Genitive declension of अधिकार (masc cons-stem)
	masculine object पुल्लिंगी कर्म		feminine object स्त्रीलिंगी कर्म		neuter object नपुसकलिंगी कर्म		oblique सामान्यरूप
	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	singular* एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन
singular subject एकवचनी कर्ता	अधिकाराचा adhikāraāċā	अधिकाराचे adhikāraāċe	अधिकाराची adhikāraācī	अधिकाराच्या adhikāraācā	अधिकाराचे, अधिकाराचं adhikāraāċe, adhikāraāċa	अधिकाराची adhikāraācī	अधिकाराच्या adhikāraācā
plural subject अनेकवचनी कर्ता	अधिकारांचा adhikāraānċā	अधिकारांचे adhikāraānċe	अधिकारांची adhikāraāñcī	अधिकारांच्या adhikāraāncā	अधिकारांचे, अधिकारांचं adhikāraānċe, adhikāraānċa	अधिकारांची adhikāraāñcī	अधिकारांच्या adhikāraāñcā
* Note: Word-final ए (e) in neuter words is alternatively written with the anusvara and pronounced as अ (a). Oblique Note: For most postpostions, the oblique genitive can be optionally inserted between the stem and the postposition.

References

• Molesworth, James Thomas (1857) “अधिकार”, in A dictionary, Marathi and English, Bombay: Printed for government at the Bombay Education Society's Press

Nepali

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit अधिकार (adhikāra).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ʌd̪ikär]
• Phonetic Devanagari: अदिकार्

Noun

अधिकार • (adhikār)

1. right, authority, power
2. possession

Pali

Alternative forms

Alternative scripts

• adhikāra (Latin script)
• 𑀅𑀥𑀺𑀓𑀸𑀭 (Brahmi script)
• অধিকার (Bengali script)
• අධිකාර (Sinhalese script)
• အဓိကာရ or ဢꩪိၵႃရ (Burmese script)
• อธิการ or อะธิการะ (Thai script)
• ᩋᨵᩥᨠᩣᩁ (Tai Tham script)
• ອຘິກາຣ or ອະຘິກາຣະ (Lao script)
• អធិការ (Khmer script)
• 𑄃𑄙𑄨𑄇𑄂𑄢 (Chakma script)

Noun

अधिकार m

1. Devanagari script form of adhikāra (“management; chapter”)
   • c. 500 AD, Kaccāyana, Pālivyākaraṇaṃ [Pali Grammar]‎^[1] (overall work in Pali), page 254; republished as Satish Chandra Acharyya Vidyabhusana, editor, Kaccayana's Pali Grammar (edited in Devanagari character and translated into English), Calcutta, Bengal: Mahabodhi Society, 1901:

     काले इच्चेतं अस्हिकारत्थं वेदितब्बं॥

     Kāle iccetaṃ adhikāratthaṃ veditabbaṃ.

     Note that time when is the purpose of the section

Declension

Declension table of "अधिकार" (masculine)

Case \ Number	Singular	Plural
Nominative (first)	अधिकारो (adhikāro)	अधिकारा (adhikārā)
Accusative (second)	अधिकारं (adhikāraṃ)	अधिकारे (adhikāre)
Instrumental (third)	अधिकारेन (adhikārena)	अधिकारेहि (adhikārehi) or अधिकारेभि (adhikārebhi)
Dative (fourth)	अधिकारस्स (adhikārassa) or अधिकाराय (adhikārāya) or अधिकारत्थं (adhikāratthaṃ)	अधिकारानं (adhikārānaṃ)
Ablative (fifth)	अधिकारस्मा (adhikārasmā) or अधिकारम्हा (adhikāramhā) or अधिकारा (adhikārā)	अधिकारेहि (adhikārehi) or अधिकारेभि (adhikārebhi)
Genitive (sixth)	अधिकारस्स (adhikārassa)	अधिकारानं (adhikārānaṃ)
Locative (seventh)	अधिकारस्मिं (adhikārasmiṃ) or अधिकारम्हि (adhikāramhi) or अधिकारे (adhikāre)	अधिकारेसु (adhikāresu)
Vocative (calling)	अधिकार (adhikāra)	अधिकारा (adhikārā)

Sanskrit

Alternative forms

Alternative scripts

• অধিকাৰ (Assamese script)
• ᬅᬥᬶᬓᬵᬭ (Balinese script)
• অধিকার (Bengali script)
• 𑰀𑰠𑰰𑰎𑰯𑰨 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀅𑀥𑀺𑀓𑀸𑀭 (Brahmi script)
• အဓိကာရ (Burmese script)
• અધિકાર (Gujarati script)
• ਅਧਿਕਾਰ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌅𑌧𑌿𑌕𑌾𑌰 (Grantha script)
• ꦄꦣꦶꦏꦴꦫ (Javanese script)
• 𑂃𑂡𑂱𑂍𑂰𑂩 (Kaithi script)
• ಅಧಿಕಾರ (Kannada script)
• អធិការ (Khmer script)
• ອຘິກາຣ (Lao script)
• അധികാര (Malayalam script)
• ᠠᢡᡳᡬᠠ᠎᠊ᠠᡵᠠ (Manchu script)
• 𑘀𑘠𑘱𑘎𑘰𑘨 (Modi script)
• ᠠᢑᠾᠢᢉᠠᢗᠷᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
• 𑦠𑧀𑧒𑦮𑧑𑧈 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐀𑐢𑐶𑐎𑐵𑐬 (Newa script)
• ଅଧିକାର (Odia script)
• ꢂꢤꢶꢒꢵꢬ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆃𑆣𑆴𑆑𑆳𑆫 (Sharada script)
• 𑖀𑖠𑖰𑖎𑖯𑖨 (Siddham script)
• අධිකාර (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩐𑩮𑩑𑩜𑩛𑩼 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚀𑚜𑚮𑚊𑚭𑚤 (Takri script)
• அதி⁴கார (Tamil script)
• అధికార (Telugu script)
• อธิการ (Thai script)
• ཨ་དྷི་ཀཱ་ར (Tibetan script)
• 𑒁𑒡𑒱𑒏𑒰𑒩 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨀𑨜𑨁𑨋𑨊𑨫 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

From अधि- (adhi-) +‎ कृ (kṛ).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɐ.dʱi.kɑː.ɾɐ/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ɐ.d̪ʱiˈkɑː.ɾɐ/

Noun

अधिकार • (adhikāra) stem, m

1. authority
2. government, rule, administration, jurisdiction
3. royalty, prerogative
4. title
5. rank
6. office
7. claim, right, especially to perform sacrifices with benefit
8. privilege, ownership
9. property
10. reference, relation
11. topic, subject
12. paragraph or minor section
13. (grammar) government, a governing-rule (the influence of which over any number of succeeding rules is called अनुवृत्ति (anu-vṛtti))

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of अधिकार (adhikāra)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	अधिकारः adhikāraḥ	अधिकारौ / अधिकारा¹ adhikārau / adhikārā¹	अधिकाराः / अधिकारासः¹ adhikārāḥ / adhikārāsaḥ¹
Vocative	अधिकार adhikāra	अधिकारौ / अधिकारा¹ adhikārau / adhikārā¹	अधिकाराः / अधिकारासः¹ adhikārāḥ / adhikārāsaḥ¹
Accusative	अधिकारम् adhikāram	अधिकारौ / अधिकारा¹ adhikārau / adhikārā¹	अधिकारान् adhikārān
Instrumental	अधिकारेण adhikāreṇa	अधिकाराभ्याम् adhikārābhyām	अधिकारैः / अधिकारेभिः¹ adhikāraiḥ / adhikārebhiḥ¹
Dative	अधिकाराय adhikārāya	अधिकाराभ्याम् adhikārābhyām	अधिकारेभ्यः adhikārebhyaḥ
Ablative	अधिकारात् adhikārāt	अधिकाराभ्याम् adhikārābhyām	अधिकारेभ्यः adhikārebhyaḥ
Genitive	अधिकारस्य adhikārasya	अधिकारयोः adhikārayoḥ	अधिकाराणाम् adhikārāṇām
Locative	अधिकारे adhikāre	अधिकारयोः adhikārayoḥ	अधिकारेषु adhikāreṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Descendants

• Pali: adhikāra
• → Gujarati: અધિકાર (adhikār)
• → Hindi: अधिकार (adhikār)
• → Indonesian: adikara
• → Kannada: ಅಧಿಕಾರ (adhikāra)
• → Malay: adikara
• → Marathi: अधिकार (adhikār)
• → Odia: ଅଧିକାର (adhikāra)
• → Punjabi: ਅਧਿਕਾਰ (adhikār)
• → Tamil: அதிகாரம் (atikāram)
• → Telugu: అధికారము (adhikāramu)

References

• Monier Williams (1899) “अधिकार”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 0020.