अक्षि

See also: अक्ष

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• অক্ষি (Assamese script)
• ᬅᬓ᭄ᬱᬶ (Balinese script)
• অক্ষি (Bengali script)
• 𑰀𑰎𑰿𑰬𑰰 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀅𑀓𑁆𑀱𑀺 (Brahmi script)
• အက္ၑိ (Burmese script)
• અક્ષિ (Gujarati script)
• ਅਕ੍ਸ਼ਿ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌅𑌕𑍍𑌷𑌿 (Grantha script)
• ꦄꦏ꧀ꦰꦶ (Javanese script)
• 𑂃𑂍𑂹𑂭𑂱 (Kaithi script)
• ಅಕ್ಷಿ (Kannada script)
• អក្ឞិ (Khmer script)
• ອກ຺ຩິ (Lao script)
• അക്ഷി (Malayalam script)
• ᠠᡬᢢᡳ (Manchu script)
• 𑘀𑘎𑘿𑘬𑘱 (Modi script)
• ᠠᢉᢔᠢ (Mongolian script)
• 𑦠𑦮𑧠𑧌𑧒 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐀𑐎𑑂𑐲𑐶 (Newa script)
• ଅକ୍ଷି (Odia script)
• ꢂꢒ꣄ꢰꢶ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆃𑆑𑇀𑆰𑆴 (Sharada script)
• 𑖀𑖎𑖿𑖬𑖰 (Siddham script)
• අක්‍ෂි (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩐𑩜 𑪙𑪀𑩑 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚀𑚊𑚶𑚮 (Takri script)
• அக்ஷி (Tamil script)
• అక్షి (Telugu script)
• อกฺษิ (Thai script)
• ཨ་ཀྵི (Tibetan script)
• 𑒁𑒏𑓂𑒭𑒱 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨀𑨋𑩇𑨯𑨁 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *h₃ekʷ-

Proto-Indo-European *-s

Proto-Indo-European *h₃ókʷs

Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hákši

Sanskrit अक्षि (akṣi)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *Hákṣi, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hákši, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ókʷs (“eye”), from *h₃ekʷ-. Cognate with Latin oculus, Ancient Greek ὄσσε (ósse), Old Armenian ակն (akn) and աչք (ačʻkʻ), Old English ēage (whence English eye).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɐ́k.ʂi/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ˈɐk.ʂi/

Noun

अक्षि • (ákṣi) stem, n

1. eye
   • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 10.79.2:

     गुहा॒ शिरो॒ निहि॑त॒मृध॑ग्अक्षी असि॑न्वन्नत्ति जि॒ह्वया॒ वना॑नि।
     अत्रा॑ण्यस्मै प॒ड्भिः सं भ॑रन्त्युत्ता॒नह॑स्ता॒ नम॒साधि॑ वि॒क्षु॥

     gúhā śíro níhitamṛ́dhagakṣī asinvannatti jihváyā vánāni.
     átrāṇyasmai paḍbhíḥ sáṃ bharantyuttānáhastā námasā́dhi vikṣú.

     His head is deposited in a cavern; his eyes are wide apart; with his tongue he devours the wood without masticating; the priests approaching on food reverently offer him oblations among the people with uplifted hands.

2. the number two
3. (in the dual) the sun and moon

Declension

Neuter i-stem declension of अक्षि (ákṣi)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	अक्षि ákṣi	अक्षिणी ákṣiṇī	अक्षीणि / अक्षि¹ / अक्षी¹ ákṣīṇi / ákṣi¹ / ákṣī¹
Vocative	अक्षि / अक्षे ákṣi / ákṣe	अक्षिणी ákṣiṇī	अक्षीणि / अक्षि¹ / अक्षी¹ ákṣīṇi / ákṣi¹ / ákṣī¹
Accusative	अक्षि ákṣi	अक्षिणी ákṣiṇī	अक्षीणि / अक्षि¹ / अक्षी¹ ákṣīṇi / ákṣi¹ / ákṣī¹
Instrumental	अक्षिणा / अक्ष्या¹ ákṣiṇā / ákṣyā¹	अक्षिभ्याम् ákṣibhyām	अक्षिभिः ákṣibhiḥ
Dative	अक्षिणे / अक्षये¹ ákṣiṇe / ákṣaye¹	अक्षिभ्याम् ákṣibhyām	अक्षिभ्यः ákṣibhyaḥ
Ablative	अक्षिणः / अक्षेः¹ ákṣiṇaḥ / ákṣeḥ¹	अक्षिभ्याम् ákṣibhyām	अक्षिभ्यः ákṣibhyaḥ
Genitive	अक्षिणः / अक्षेः¹ ákṣiṇaḥ / ákṣeḥ¹	अक्षिणोः ákṣiṇoḥ	अक्षीणाम् ákṣīṇām
Locative	अक्षिणि / अक्षौ¹ / अक्षा¹ ákṣiṇi / ákṣau¹ / ákṣā¹	अक्षिणोः ákṣiṇoḥ	अक्षिषु ákṣiṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Descendants

• Dardic:
  • Kalami: اڄ (ac̣)
  • Kalasha: eč
  • Kashmiri:
    • Arabic script: أچھ (ạch)
    • Devanagari script: ॲछ (ạch)
    • Sharada script: 𑆃𑆾𑇋𑆗 (ạch)
  • >? Khowar: غیچ (ġeč)
  • Phalura: ac̣híi
  • Shina: اَڇھی (aċhī)
• Pali: akkhi
• Prakrit: 𑀅𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀺 (akkhi), 𑀅𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀺 (acchi)
  • Central Indo-Aryan:
    • Hindustani:

      Hindi: आँख (ā̃kh)

      Urdu: آن٘کھ (ā̃kh)

  • Eastern Indo-Aryan:
    • Early Assamese: আখি (akhi)
      • Assamese: আখি (akhi)
    • Old Bengali: আখি
      • Bengali: আঁখ (ãkh), আঁখি (ãkhi)
    • Odia: ଆଖି (ākhi)
  • Insular Indo-Aryan: (< 𑀅𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀺 (acchi))
    • Sinhalese: ඇස (æsa)
  • Northern Indo-Aryan:
    • Nepali: आँखा (ā̃khā)
    • Dogri: हाख्खि (hākhkhi)
  • Northwestern Indo-Aryan:
    • Punjabi:
      • Gurmukhi script: ਅੱਖ (akkha)
      • Shahmukhi script: اَکّھ (akkh)
    • Sindhi: अखि (akhi)
  • Western Indo-Aryan:
    • Old Gujarati:
      • Gujarati: આંખ (ā̃kha)
    • Romani: jakh
    • Marwari: [script needed] (ākhi)
• → Bengali: অক্ষি (okkhi) (learned)
• → Malayalam: അക്ഷി (akṣi) (learned)
• → Odia: ଅକ୍ଷି (akshi) (learned)
• → Tamil: அக்கு (akku)
• → Telugu: అక్షి (akṣi) (learned)

References

• Monier Williams (1899) “अक्षि”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 3, column 3.
• Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 42-43