ܪܘܚܐ

Assyrian Neo-Aramaic

Etymology

Root
ܪ ܘ ܚ (r w ḥ)
5 terms

Inherited from Aramaic רוּחָא (rūḥā), from Proto-West Semitic *rūḥ-; compare Arabic رُوح (rūḥ), Hebrew רוּחַ (rúakh).

Pronunciation

• (Standard) IPA^(key): [ruːxaː]

Noun

ܪܘܼܚܵܐ • (rūḥā) f (plural ܪ̈ܘܼܚܵܬ݂ܵܐ (ruḥḥāṯā))

1. spirit (motive intellectual or emotional force)
2. self, oneself
3. soul, essence, core or essential aspect required for being
4. spirit, specter, ghost

Inflection

Inflection of ܪܘܼܚܵܐ

	isolated forms			with possessive pronouns
	state	form		person	singular		plural
					m	f
singular	absolute	–		1st person	ܪܘܼܚܝܼ (rūḥī)		ܪܘܼܚܲܢ (rūḥan)
	construct	ܪܘܼܚ (rūḥ)		2nd person	ܪܘܼܚܘܼܟ݂ (rūḥōḵ)	ܪܘܼܚܵܟ݂ܝ (rūḥāḵ)	ܪܘܼܚܵܘܟ݂ܘܿܢ (rūḥāwḵōn)
	emphatic	ܪܘܼܚܵܐ (rūḥā)		3rd person	ܪܘܼܚܹܗ (rūḥēh)	ܪܘܼܚܵܗ̇ (rūḥāh)	ܪܘܼܚܗܘܿܢ (ruḥhōn)
plural	absolute	–		1st person	ܪ̈ܘܼܚܵܬܝܼ (rūḥātī)		ܪ̈ܘܼܚܵܬܲܢ (rūḥātan)
	construct	ܪ̈ܘܼܚܵܬ (rūḥāt)		2nd person	ܪ̈ܘܼܚܵܬܘܼܟ݂ (rūḥātōḵ)	ܪ̈ܘܼܚܵܬܵܟ݂ܝ (rūḥātāḵ)	ܪ̈ܘܼܚܵܬܵܘܟ݂ܘܿܢ (rūḥātāwḵōn)
	emphatic	ܪ̈ܘܼܚܵܬܹܐ (rūḥātē)		3rd person	ܪ̈ܘܼܚܵܬܘܼܗܝ (rūḥātūh)	ܪ̈ܘܼܚܵܬܘܿܗ̇ (rūḥātōh)	ܪ̈ܘܼܚܵܬܗܘܿܢ (rūḥāthōn)

Derived terms

• ܪܘܼܚܵܢܵܝܵܐ (rūḥānāyā)
• ܪܘܼܚܵܐ ܕܩܘܼܕ݂ܫܵܐ (rūḥā dquḏšā)
• ܢܲܓܝܼܪܘܼܬ݂ ܪܘܼܚܵܐ (nagīrūṯ rūḥā)

See also

• ܓܵܢܵܐ (gānā, “spirit, self”)
• ܢܲܦ̮ܫܵܐ (nafšā, “soul”)
• ܩܢܘܿܡܵܐ (qnōmā, “hypostasis”)
• ܝܵܬ݂ܵܐ (yāṯā, “essence”)

Classical Syriac

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-West Semitic *rūḥ-.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Edessan) IPA^(key): [ˈru.ħɑ]
• (Eastern Syriac) IPA^(key): [ˈru.xɑ]
• (Western Syriac) IPA^(key): [ˈru.ħo]

Noun

ܪܘܚܐ • (rūḥā) f (plural ܪܘܚܐ (rūḥē) or ܪܘܚܬܐ (rūḥāṯā) or ܪܘܚܢܐ (rūḥānē))

1. spirit, specter/spectre, ghost, demon
2. life, breath
3. wind, vapor/vapour
4. (geography) cardinal direction
5. flatulence
6. smell, odor/odour
7. pain

Usage notes

Though this word is feminine, ܪܘܚܐ ܕܩܘܕܫܐ (rūḥā ḏə-quḏšā, “Holy Spirit”), as well as evil spirits, are usually masculine in later Syriac.

Inflection

Inflection of ܪܘܚܐ

	isolated forms			with possessive pronouns
	state	form		person	singular		plural
					m	f	m	f
singular	absolute	ܪܘܚ		1st person	ܪܘܚܝ		ܪܘܚܢ
	construct	ܪܘܚ		2nd person	ܪܘܚܟ	ܪܘܚܟܝ	ܪܘܚܟܘܢ	ܪܘܚܟܝܢ
	emphatic	ܪܘܚܐ		3rd person	ܪܘܚܗ	ܪܘܚܗ	ܪܘܚܗܘܢ	ܪܘܚܗܝܢ
plural	absolute	ܪܘܚܢܝܢ ,ܪܘܚܢ ,ܪܘܚܝܢ		1st person	ܪܘܚܢܝ ,ܪܘܚܬܝ ,ܪܘܚܝ		ܪܘܚܢܝܢ ,ܪܘܚܬܢ ,ܪܘܚܝܢ
	construct	ܪܘܚܢܝ ,ܪܘܚܬ ,ܪܘܚܝ		2nd person	ܪܘܚܢܝܟ ,ܪܘܚܬܟ ,ܪܘܚܝܟ	ܪܘܚܢܝܟܝ ,ܪܘܚܬܟܝ ,ܪܘܚܝܟܝ	ܪܘܚܢܝܟܘܢ ,ܪܘܚܬܟܘܢ ,ܪܘܚܝܟܘܢ	ܪܘܚܢܝܟܝܢ ,ܪܘܚܬܟܝܢ ,ܪܘܚܝܟܝܢ
	emphatic	ܪܘܚܢܐ ,ܪܘܚܬܐ ,ܪܘܚܐ		3rd person	ܪܘܚܢܘܗܝ ,ܪܘܚܬܗ ,ܪܘܚܘܗܝ	ܪܘܚܢܝܗ ,ܪܘܚܬܗ ,ܪܘܚܝܗ	ܪܘܚܢܝܗܝܢ ,ܪܘܚܬܗܘܢ ,ܪܘܚܝܗܘܢ	ܪܘܚܢܝܗܝܢ ,ܪܘܚܬܗܝܢ ,ܪܘܚܝܗܝܢ

Descendants

• → Malayalam: റൂഹാ (ṟūhā), റൂഹ (ṟūha)

Etymology 2

From the root ܪ ܘ ܚ, related to expanding.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Edessan) IPA^(key): [r(ə.)ˈwɑ.ħɑ]
• (Eastern Syriac) IPA^(key): [ˈrwɑ.xɑ]
• (Western Syriac) IPA^(key): [ˈrwo.ħo]

Noun

ܪܘܚܐ • (rəwāḥā) m(uncountable)

1. joy
2. (grammar, orthography) name of a vowel mark equivalent to /o/

Inflection

Inflection of ܪܘܚܐ

	isolated forms			with possessive pronouns
	state	form		person	singular		plural
					m	f	m	f
singular	absolute	ܪܘܚ		1st person	ܪܘܚܝ		ܪܘܚܢ
	construct	ܪܘܚ		2nd person	ܪܘܚܟ	ܪܘܚܟܝ	ܪܘܚܟܘܢ	ܪܘܚܟܝܢ
	emphatic	ܪܘܚܐ		3rd person	ܪܘܚܗ	ܪܘܚܗ	ܪܘܚܗܘܢ	ܪܘܚܗܝܢ

Etymology 3

From the root ܪ ܘ ܚ, related to expanding.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Edessan) IPA^(key): [ˈraw.ħɑ]
• (Eastern Syriac) IPA^(key): [ˈrɑw.xɑ]
• (Western Syriac) IPA^(key): [ˈrɑw.ħo]

Noun

ܪܘܚܐ • (rawḥā) m (plural ܪܘܚܐ (rawḥē))

1. space, interstice

Inflection

Inflection of ܪܘܚܐ

	isolated forms			with possessive pronouns
	state	form		person	singular		plural
					m	f	m	f
singular	absolute	ܪܘܚ		1st person	ܪܘܚܝ		ܪܘܚܢ
	construct	ܪܘܚ		2nd person	ܪܘܚܟ	ܪܘܚܟܝ	ܪܘܚܟܘܢ	ܪܘܚܟܝܢ
	emphatic	ܪܘܚܐ		3rd person	ܪܘܚܗ	ܪܘܚܗ	ܪܘܚܗܘܢ	ܪܘܚܗܝܢ
plural	absolute	ܪܘܚܝܢ		1st person	ܪܘܚܝ		ܪܘܚܝܢ
	construct	ܪܘܚܝ		2nd person	ܪܘܚܝܟ	ܪܘܚܝܟܝ	ܪܘܚܝܟܘܢ	ܪܘܚܝܟܝܢ
	emphatic	ܪܘܚܐ		3rd person	ܪܘܚܘܗܝ	ܪܘܚܝܗ	ܪܘܚܝܗܘܢ	ܪܘܚܝܗܝܢ

References

• “rwḥ”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–, retrieved 2012-05-29
• Costaz, Louis (2002) Dictionnaire syriaque-français ∙ Syriac–English Dictionary ∙ قاموس سرياني-عربي, 3rd edition, Beirut: Dar El-Machreq, pages 341a–b
• Payne Smith, Jessie (1903) A Compendious Syriac Dictionary Founded Upon the Thesaurus Syriacus of R. Payne Smith, D.D., Oxford: Clarendon Press, pages 533b–534a
• Sokoloff, Michael (2009) A Syriac Lexicon: A Translation from the Latin, Correction, Expansion, and Update of C. Brockelmann's Lexicon Syriacum, Winona Lake, Indiana, Piscataway, New Jersey: Eisenbrauns; Gorgias Press, →ISBN, pages 1445b–1446a