ܕ-

See also: ܕ

Assyrian Neo-Aramaic

Etymology

From Aramaic דְּ־ (də-).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [d(ə)-]
• IPA^(key): [ʔɪd-] (at starting speech)

Pronoun

ܕ- • (d-)

1. (relative pronoun) that, which, who(m).

   ܒܸܚܫܵܒ݂ܵܐ ܝܘܸܢ ܕܝܼܠܹܗ ܐܵܢܲܢܩܵܝܵܐ.

   biḥšāḇā ìwen d-īlēh ānanqāyā.

   I think that it is important.

   ܟܸܣܦܵܐ ܕܐ݇ܬ݂ܹܐ ܠܹܗ ܬܸܡܵܠ.

   kispā d-ṯē lēh timmāl.

   The money that came yesterday.

2. As an intensified structure for noun phrases

   ܡܸܣܟܹܝܢܵܐ ܕܣܵܒ݂ܝܼ

   miskēnā d-sāḇī

   My very humble grandfather

   (literally, “The humble one who is my grandfather.”)

   ܗܲܘܢܵܢܵܐ ܕܡܵܪܩܘܿܣ

   hawnānā d-Mārqōs

   The very smart Mark (Used sarcastically)

   (literally, “The smart one who is Mark.”)

   ܣܪܝܼܚܵܐ ܕܐܲܚܘܿܢܹܗ

   srīḥā d-aḥōnēh

   His very impudent brother

   (literally, “The impudent one who is his brother.”)

   ܡܚܘܼܣܝܵܐ ܕܒܵܒܝܼ

   mḥussyā d-bābī

   My late father

   (literally, “The absolved one who is my father.”)

   ܒܝܼܫܵܐ ܕܣܵܛܵܢܵܐ

   bīšā d-sāṭānā

   Satan the very evil one

   (literally, “The evil one who is Satan.”)

Derived terms

• ܕܝܼ (dī)

Conjunction

ܕ- • (d-)

1. in order that, for, so that used to indicate purpose

   ܘܵܠܹܐ ܕܐܵܟ݂ܠܹܬ ܕܡܲܣܒܥܸܬ ܠܹܗ ܟܸܦܢܘܼܟ݂.

   wālē d-āḵlēt d-masbˤit lēh kipnūḵ.

   You have to eat so that you can satsify your hunger.

Derived terms

• ܩܵܐ ܕ- (qā d-)

Preposition

ܕ- • (d-)

1. Of, belonging to, owned by, pertaining to.

   ܟܬ݂ܵܒ݂ܵܐ ܕܠܘܼܩܵܐ

   kṯāḇā d-Lūqā

   Luke’s book

   (literally, “The book of Luke”)

   ܐܲܝܟܵܐ ܝܠܹܗ ܗܵܢܵܐ ܟܬ݂ܵܒ݂ܵܐ ܕܝܼܘܼܟ݂؟

   aykā ìlēh hānā kṯāḇā dīyuḵ?

   Where is that book of yours?

Usage notes

• This preposition is omitted in terms of measurement. For example, ܬܠܵܬ݂ ܬ̈ܲܢܲܝܵܬ݂ܵܐ ܣܘܼܪܵܐܝܼܬ݂ ― tlāṯ tannayāṯā sūrāˀīṯ ― Three words of Syriac, ܚܕ݂ܵܐ ܡܲܛܥܸܡܬܵܐ ܫܸܟܲܪ ― ḥḏā maṭˁimtā šikkar ― Two spoons of sugar, ܐܲܪܒܥܵܐ ܪܹ̈ܝܫܲܘܵܬ݂ܵܐ ܬܘܼܡܵܐ ― arbˁā rēšawwāṯā tūmā ― Four heads of garlic, etc.
• Occasionally the variant ܕܲ- (da-) is used in some learned borrowings from Classical Syriac, when preceding a two-consonant cluster. E.g. ܒܲܠܚܘܿܕ݂ (balḥōḏ, “only”), ܐܵܓ݂ܘܿܓ݂ܵܐ ܕܲܕܡܵܐ (āḡōḡā da-dmā, “blood vessel”) and ܩܸܢܛܪܘܿܢ ܕܲܡܕ݂ܝܼܢܬܵܐ (qinṭrōn damḏīntā, “downtown”).

Inflection

Inflection of ܕ-

base form			ܕ- (d-)
Personal-pronoun including forms
	singular		plural
	m	f
1st person	ܕܝܼܝܼ (dīyī)		ܕܝܼܲܢ (dīyan)
2nd person	ܕܝܼܘܼܟ݂ (dīyūḵ)	ܕܝܼܵܟ݂ܝ (dīyāḵ)	ܕܝܼܵܘܟ݂ܘܿܢ (dīyāwḵōn)
3rd person	ܕܝܼܹܗ (dīyēh)	ܕܝܼܵܗ̇ (dīyāh)	ܕܝܼܗܘܿܢ (dīhōn)

Derived terms

• ܕܝܼܠ (dīl, “belonging to”)