ܐܬܪܐ

Assyrian Neo-Aramaic

Root
ܐ ܬ ܪ (ˀ t r)
1 term

Etymology

From Aramaic אַתְרָא (ʾaṯrā, “country; idem”), from Proto-Semitic *ʔaṯar-; cognate to Hebrew אֲשֶׁר (ashér, relative pronoun), אֲתָר (atár, “site”), Ge'ez አሰር (ʾäsär), አሠር (ʾäśär, “trace, vestige; way, road; relic”), Arabic أَثَر (ʔaṯar, “trace, vestige, impression, relic”) and Akkadian 𒆠 (ašrum, “place, site”). Also related to the preposition ܒܵܬ݇ܪ (bār, “behind, after”).

Pronunciation

• (Standard) IPA^(key): [ˈʔaθraː]
• (Nineveh Plains) IPA^(key): [ˈʔaθˤrˤa]
• (Urmia) IPA^(key): [ˈʔatraː]

Noun

ܐܲܬ݂ܪܵܐ • (aṯrā) m sg (plural ܐܲܬ݂ܪ̈ܵܘܵܬ݂ܹܐ (aṯrāwāṯē))

1. country, land
2. Ellipsis of ܐܲܬ݂ܪܵܐ ܕܐܲܒ݂ܵܗܵܬ݂ܹ̈ܐ (aṯrā d-aḇāhāṯē, “homeland, fatherland”).

Inflection

Inflection of ܐܲܬ݂ܪܵܐ (aṯrā)
number	isolated forms		with possessive pronouns
	state	form	person	singular		plural
				m	f
singular	absolute	–	1st person	ܐܲܬ݂ܪܝܼ (aṯrī)		ܐܲܬ݂ܪܲܢ (aṯran)
	construct	ܐܲܬ݂ܲܪ (aṯar)	2nd person	ܐܲܬ݂ܪܘܼܟ݂ (aṯrūḵ)	ܐܲܬ݂ܪܵܟ݂ܝ (aṯrāḵ)	ܐܲܬ݂ܪܵܘܟ݂ܘܿܢ (aṯrāwḵōn)
	emphatic	ܐܲܬ݂ܪܵܐ (aṯrā)	3rd person	ܐܲܬ݂ܪܹܗ (aṯrēh)	ܐܲܬ݂ܪܵܗ̇ (aṯrāh)	ܐܲܬ݂ܪܗܘܿܢ (aṯrhōn)
plural	absolute	–	1st person	ܐܲܬ݂ܪ̈ܵܘܵܬ݂ܝܼ (aṯrāwāṯī)		ܐܲܬ݂ܪ̈ܵܘܵܬ݂ܲܢ (aṯrāwāṯan)
	construct	ܐܲܬ݂ܪ̈ܵܘܵܬ݂ (aṯrāwāṯ)	2nd person	ܐܲܬ݂ܪ̈ܵܘܵܬ݂ܘܼܟ݂ (aṯrāwāṯūḵ)	ܐܲܬ݂ܪ̈ܵܘܵܬ݂ܵܟ݂ܝ (aṯrāwāṯāḵ)	ܐܲܬ݂ܪ̈ܵܘܵܬ݂ܵܘܟ݂ܘܿܢ (aṯrāwāṯāwḵōn)
	emphatic	ܐܲܬ݂ܪ̈ܵܘܵܬ݂ܹܐ (aṯrāwāṯē)	3rd person	ܐܲܬ݂ܪ̈ܵܘܵܬ݂ܘܼܗܝ (aṯrāwāṯūh)	ܐܲܬ݂ܪ̈ܵܘܵܬ݂ܘܿܗ̇ (aṯrāwāṯōh)	ܐܲܬ݂ܪ̈ܵܘܵܬ݂ܗܘܿܢ (aṯrāwāṯhōn)

Derived terms

• ܐܲܬ݂ܪܵܝܵܐ (aṯrāyā)
• ܐܲܬ݂ܪܵܢܵܝܵܐ (aṯrānāyā)
• ܒܲܪ ܐܲܬ݂ܪܵܐ (bar aṯrā, “citizen”)

Proper noun

ܐܲܬ݂ܪܵܐ • (aṯrā) m or f

1. (by extension, popular) Assyria, the Assyrian homeland

   ܒܸܬ ܚܵܙܩܲܚ ܡܸܢ݇ܕܪܹܝܫ݇ ܠܐܲܬ݂ܪܵܐ ܒܢܝܼܣܵܢ.

   bit ḥāzqaḥ midrēy l-aṯrā bnīsān.

   We will go to Assyria again in April.

Proper noun

ܐܲܬ݂ܪܵܐ • (aṯrā) m or f

1. a unisex given name

Classical Syriac

Etymology

From Proto-Semitic *ʔaṯar-. Cognate to Aramaic אַתְרָא (ʾaṯrā, “idem”), Hebrew אֲשֶׁר (ʾăšĕ́r, relative pronoun), Ge'ez አሰር (ʾäsär), አሠር (ʾäśär, “trace, vestige; way, road; relic”), Arabic أَثَر (ʔaṯar, “trace, vestige, impression, relic”), Akkadian 𒆠 (ašrum, “place, site”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈʔaθ.rɑ] (singular)
• IPA^(key): [ˈʔaθ.re], [ʔaθ.rawˈwɑ.θɑ] (plural)

Noun

ܐܬܪܐ • (ʾaṯrā) m (plural ܐܬܪܘܬܐ (ʾaṯrawwāṯā) or ܐܬܪܐ (ʾaṯrē))

1. place, spot
2. region, land, country
3. district, province
4. inhabitants
5. means
6. (figuratively) room, space; opportunity, time; delay

Usage notes

Usually, the plural ܐܬܪܐ (ʾaṯrē) is a paucal plural (from two to ten) while the plural ܐܬܪܘܬܐ (ʾaṯrawwāṯā) is a multiple plural (eleven or more).

Inflection

    declension of ܐܬܪܐ

state	singular	plural
absolute	ܐܬܪ	ܐܬܪܘܢ ,ܐܬܪܝܢ
construct	ܐܬܪ	ܐܬܪܘܬ ,ܐܬܪܝ
emphatic	ܐܬܪܐ	ܐܬܪܘܬܐ ,ܐܬܪܐ
possessive forms
1st c. sg. (my)	ܐܬܪܝ	ܐܬܪܘܬܝ ,ܐܬܪܝ
2nd m. sg. (your)	ܐܬܪܟ	ܐܬܪܘܬܟ ,ܐܬܪܝܟ
2nd f. sg. (your)	ܐܬܪܟܝ	ܐܬܪܘܬܟܝ ,ܐܬܪܝܟܝ
3rd m. sg. (his)	ܐܬܪܗ	ܐܬܪܘܬܗ ,ܐܬܪܘܗܝ
3rd f. sg. (her)	ܐܬܪܗ	ܐܬܪܘܬܗ ,ܐܬܪܝܗ
1st c. pl. (our)	ܐܬܪܢ	ܐܬܪܘܬܢ ,ܐܬܪܝܢ
2nd m. pl. (your)	ܐܬܪܟܘܢ	ܐܬܪܘܬܟܘܢ ,ܐܬܪܝܟܘܢ
2nd f. pl. (your)	ܐܬܪܟܝܢ	ܐܬܪܘܬܟܝܢ ,ܐܬܪܟܝܢ
3rd m. pl. (their)	ܐܬܪܗܘܢ	ܐܬܪܘܬܗܘܢ ,ܐܬܪܝܗܘܢ
3rd f. pl. (their)	ܐܬܪܗܝܢ	ܐܬܪܘܬܗܝܢ ,ܐܬܪܝܗܝܢ

Derived terms

• ܐܬܪܝܐ (ʾaṯrāyā)
• ܐܬܪܢܝܐ (ʾaṯrānāyā)

Descendants

• Hebrew: אתר

References

• “ˀtr”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–, retrieved 2011-08-25
• Costaz, Louis (2002) Dictionnaire syriaque-français ∙ Syriac–English Dictionary ∙ قاموس سرياني-عربي, 3rd edition, Beirut: Dar El-Machreq, page 22b
• Payne Smith, Jessie (1903) A Compendious Syriac Dictionary Founded Upon the Thesaurus Syriacus of R. Payne Smith, D.D., Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 33a-b
• Sokoloff, Michael (2009) A Syriac Lexicon: A Translation from the Latin, Correction, Expansion, and Update of C. Brockelmann's Lexicon Syriacum, Winona Lake, Indiana, Piscataway, New Jersey: Eisenbrauns; Gorgias Press, pages 112b-113a