مسمار

Arabic

Etymology

Compare Akkadian samrūtum (“nail (of copper)”)

Borrowed from Aramaic מַסְמָר (masmār), מַסְמְרָא (masmərā, “pin, nail”).

Cognate with Hebrew מסמר (masmér).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /mis.maːr/

• Audio:

  (file)

  • (Hijazi) IPA^(key): /mus.maːr/, [mʊs.maːr]

Noun

مِسْمَار • (mismār) m (plural مَسَامِير (masāmīr))

1. nail, pin, peg, wedge, bolt, even a screw
2. vine pole
3. forked tentpole
4. as مِسْمَار اللَّحْم (mismār al-llaḥm) or مِسْمَار القَدَم (mismār al-qadam): callus

   Synonym: جُسْأَة (jusʔa)

5. (obsolete) staphyloma
   • a. 1050, مروان بن جناح [Marwān ibn Janāḥ], edited by Gerrit Bos, Fabian Käs, كتاب التلخيص [kitāb at-talḵīṣ] [On the Nomenclature of Medicinal Drugs], Leiden: Brill, published 2020, →DOI, →ISBN, pages 753 Nr. 588 fol. 53r,4–8:

     الموسرج هو ما نتأ من الطبقة العنبية إذا انحرقت القرنية من كتاب العلل والأعراض الجالينوس، قال الرازي في الكافي: إذا كان صغيرًا فهو موسرج، وإذا كان كبيرًا فهو مسمار.

     †Mūsaraj† (recte: mūrsaraj leg., lit. ‘ant’s head’) is a protrusion of the uvea occurring because of an inflammation of the cornea according to Galen’s ‘Book on Causes and Symptoms’. Al-Rāzī said in his al-Kāfī: If (this protrusion) is small, it is called mūsaraj and if it is large it is called al-mismār (staphyloma, lit. ‘nail’).

Declension

Declension of noun مِسْمَار (mismār)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	مِسْمَار mismār	الْمِسْمَار al-mismār	مِسْمَار mismār
Nominative	مِسْمَارٌ mismārun	الْمِسْمَارُ al-mismāru	مِسْمَارُ mismāru
Accusative	مِسْمَارًا mismāran	الْمِسْمَارَ al-mismāra	مِسْمَارَ mismāra
Genitive	مِسْمَارٍ mismārin	الْمِسْمَارِ al-mismāri	مِسْمَارِ mismāri
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	مِسْمَارَيْن mismārayn	الْمِسْمَارَيْن al-mismārayn	مِسْمَارَيْ mismāray
Nominative	مِسْمَارَانِ mismārāni	الْمِسْمَارَانِ al-mismārāni	مِسْمَارَا mismārā
Accusative	مِسْمَارَيْنِ mismārayni	الْمِسْمَارَيْنِ al-mismārayni	مِسْمَارَيْ mismāray
Genitive	مِسْمَارَيْنِ mismārayni	الْمِسْمَارَيْنِ al-mismārayni	مِسْمَارَيْ mismāray
Plural	basic broken plural diptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	مَسَامِير masāmīr	الْمَسَامِير al-masāmīr	مَسَامِير masāmīr
Nominative	مَسَامِيرُ masāmīru	الْمَسَامِيرُ al-masāmīru	مَسَامِيرُ masāmīru
Accusative	مَسَامِيرَ masāmīra	الْمَسَامِيرَ al-masāmīra	مَسَامِيرَ masāmīra
Genitive	مَسَامِيرَ masāmīra	الْمَسَامِيرِ al-masāmīri	مَسَامِيرِ masāmīri

Derived terms

• مَسْمَرَ (masmara)

Descendants

• Maltese: musmar
• → Amharic: ምስማር (məsmar)
  • → Sidamo: mismaare
• → Armenian: մսմար (msmar) (via Turkic)
• → Azerbaijani: mismar
• → Gurani: پسماری (pismārī)
• → Northern Kurdish: bizmar
• → Old Georgian: მუსმარი (musmari)
• → Ottoman Turkish: مسمار (mismar)
  • Turkish: mismar
• → Swahili: msumari

References

• “msmr”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
• Fraenkel, Siegmund (1886) Die aramäischen Fremdwörter im Arabischen (in German), Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 89
• Haupt, Paul (1917) “The Disease of King Teumman of Elam”, in Journal of the Society of Oriental Research‎^[1], volume 1, page 90, derives the Aramaic and Hebrew from Assyrian Akkadian with s₁ as first radical, but a corresponding Akkadian term seems still not attested
• Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “مسمار”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎^[2], London: W.H. Allen
• Wehr, Hans with Kropfitsch, Lorenz (1985) “مسمار”, in Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart‎^[3] (in German), 5th edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, published 2011, →ISBN, page 597

Najdi Arabic

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

مسمار (transliteration needed)

1. cloves

Ottoman Turkish

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic مِسْمَار (mismār, “nail”), itself from Aramaic מַסְמָר (masmār).

Noun

مسمار • (mismar) (plural مسامیر (mesamir))

1. nail, a spike-shaped metal fastener used for joining wood or similar materials

   Synonyms: چیوی (çivi), میخ (mıh)

Derived terms

• مسمارلامق (mismarlamak, “to nail”)
• مسمارلو (mismarlı, “nailed, studded”)
• مسماری (mismari, “of the shape of a nail”)

 

Descendants

• Turkish: mismar

Further reading

• Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “mismar”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 3240
• Devellioğlu, Ferit (1962) “mismâr”, in Osmanlıca-Türkçe Ansiklopedik Lûgat‎‎^[4] (in Turkish), Istanbul: Türk Dil Kurumu, page 780
• Kélékian, Diran (1911) “مسمار”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎^[5], Constantinople: Mihran, page 1168
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Clavus”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎^[6], Vienna, column 190
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “مسمار”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎^[7], Vienna, column 4657
• Redhouse, James W. (1890) “مسمار”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎^[8], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1857

South Levantine Arabic

Etymology

From Arabic مِسْمَار (mismār). Ultimately borrowed from Aramaic מַסְמָר (masmār), מַסְמְרָא (masmərā, “pin, nail”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /mus.maːr/, [mʊsˈmɑːrˤ]

• Audio (Ramallah):

  (file)

Noun

مسمار • (musmār) m (plural مسامير (masāmīr))

1. nail (for carpentry)