علقم

Arabic

FWOTD – 15 April 2021

عَلْقَم

Etymology

From the root ل ق م (l-q-m) with an augment or perhaps elative from it like عَسْجَد (ʕasjad, “gold”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʕal.qam/

Noun

عَلْقَم • (ʕalqam) m (collective, singulative عَلْقَمَة f (ʕalqama) or عَلْقَمَاء (ʕalqamāʔ))

1. colocynth

   Synonyms: حَنْظَل (ḥanẓal), حَدَج (ḥadaj)

   • 2019 June 24, مشاري الذايدي, “باتجاه سقوط محور تركيا وإيران وقطر”, in Aš-šarq al-ʾawsaṭ‎^[1]:

     المعسكر الذي تقبع به سلطات قطر وتركيا وإيران في النازل لا الطالع، تحصد الزقوم وتتجرع العلقم وتضرس الحصرم على أسنان نخرة.

     The camp in which the powers of Qaṭar, Turkey, and Iran trumpet is descending, not ascending; they reap the Egyptian balsam, gorge the colocynth, and chomp on sour grapes high-nosed.

2. (al-Andalus) squirting cucumber

   Synonyms: قِثَّاء الْحِمَار (qiṯṯāʔ al-ḥimār), فَقُّوس الْحِمَار (faqqūs al-ḥimār), صَاب (ṣāb)

   • a. 1050, مروان بن جناح [Marwān ibn Janāḥ], edited by Gerrit Bos, Fabian Käs, كتاب التلخيص [kitāb at-talḵīṣ] [On the Nomenclature of Medicinal Drugs], Leiden: Brill, published 2020, →DOI, →ISBN, 802 (fol. 68r,1–5), page 938:

     الصاب هو العلقم، وقال أبو حنيفة: الصاب شجر إذا اعتصر خرج منه كهيئة اللبن، فربّما نزتْ منه نزية، أي قطرة، فتقع في العين فكأنّها شهاب نار، وربّما أضعفت البصر.

     Aṣ-ṣāb is the squirting cucumber. Abū Ḥanīfa said: Aṣ-ṣāb is a shrub from which one brings out a milkish sap on squeeze. If a squirt, that is to say a single drop of it, touches the eye, it is afterwards [hurting] like fire-brand. It potentially weakens the eyesight.

Declension

Declension of noun عَلْقَم (ʕalqam)

Collective	basic collective triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	عَلْقَم ʕalqam	الْعَلْقَم al-ʕalqam	عَلْقَم ʕalqam
Nominative	عَلْقَمٌ ʕalqamun	الْعَلْقَمُ al-ʕalqamu	عَلْقَمُ ʕalqamu
Accusative	عَلْقَمًا ʕalqaman	الْعَلْقَمَ al-ʕalqama	عَلْقَمَ ʕalqama
Genitive	عَلْقَمٍ ʕalqamin	الْعَلْقَمِ al-ʕalqami	عَلْقَمِ ʕalqami
Singulative	singulative triptote in ـَة (-a)
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	عَلْقَمَة ʕalqama	الْعَلْقَمَة al-ʕalqama	عَلْقَمَة ʕalqamat
Nominative	عَلْقَمَةٌ ʕalqamatun	الْعَلْقَمَةُ al-ʕalqamatu	عَلْقَمَةُ ʕalqamatu
Accusative	عَلْقَمَةً ʕalqamatan	الْعَلْقَمَةَ al-ʕalqamata	عَلْقَمَةَ ʕalqamata
Genitive	عَلْقَمَةٍ ʕalqamatin	الْعَلْقَمَةِ al-ʕalqamati	عَلْقَمَةِ ʕalqamati
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	عَلْقَمَتَيْن ʕalqamatayn	الْعَلْقَمَتَيْن al-ʕalqamatayn	عَلْقَمَتَيْ ʕalqamatay
Nominative	عَلْقَمَتَانِ ʕalqamatāni	الْعَلْقَمَتَانِ al-ʕalqamatāni	عَلْقَمَتَا ʕalqamatā
Accusative	عَلْقَمَتَيْنِ ʕalqamatayni	الْعَلْقَمَتَيْنِ al-ʕalqamatayni	عَلْقَمَتَيْ ʕalqamatay
Genitive	عَلْقَمَتَيْنِ ʕalqamatayni	الْعَلْقَمَتَيْنِ al-ʕalqamatayni	عَلْقَمَتَيْ ʕalqamatay
Paucal (3-10)	sound feminine paucal
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	عَلْقَمَات ʕalqamāt	الْعَلْقَمَات al-ʕalqamāt	عَلْقَمَات ʕalqamāt
Nominative	عَلْقَمَاتٌ ʕalqamātun	الْعَلْقَمَاتُ al-ʕalqamātu	عَلْقَمَاتُ ʕalqamātu
Accusative	عَلْقَمَاتٍ ʕalqamātin	الْعَلْقَمَاتِ al-ʕalqamāti	عَلْقَمَاتِ ʕalqamāti
Genitive	عَلْقَمَاتٍ ʕalqamātin	الْعَلْقَمَاتِ al-ʕalqamāti	عَلْقَمَاتِ ʕalqamāti

References

• “علقم” in Almaany
• Dozy, Reinhart Pieter Anne (1881) “علقم”, in Supplément aux dictionnaires arabes‎^[2] (in French), volume 1, Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 163a