عطارد

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Arabic

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Etymology

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Ultimately unknown, without known Semitic cognates:

  • Natively coined from the root ط ر د (ṭ-r-d) meaning, "to chase or chase away", "to race or race after", "to cause something to pick up speed", "to outstrip", "follow swiftly"; related to the planet having the shortest orbital period and its eccentric periods of velocity, an association found cross-culturally via observation. The atypical /ع/ occurs occasionally in some Arabic dialects in replacement of /أ/ due to the pharyngeal-aspect of a nearby emphatic consonant, namely /ط/.
  • A variation of ع ط د (ʕ-ṭ-d) meaning "to be extreme" in many senses including "to go at a very quick pace", "to be most hasty", "a very quick rate of going". Alternatively, potentially a synthesis of both roots, as such blends are a known source of etymology for some quadriliteral roots.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ʕu.tˤaː.rid/
  • Audio:(file)

Proper noun

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عُطَارِد (ʕuṭāridm

  1. (astronomy) Mercury (planet)

Declension

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Synonyms

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  • الكُتْبَي (al-kutbay), الكاتِب (al-kātib, the scribe, the record-keeper, the accountant, the clerk, the cleric, the librarian)
  • أَنْبَي (ʔanbay, the caller, the informer, the announcer; the announcer of the account, informer of what really happened)
  • مُنْعِم (munʕim, the one that has been favored, the agreeable one), contrasted with other planets as being neutral
  • السَعْدَانِ (as-saʕdāni, the two good fortunes), paired with Venus, contrasted with Mars and Saturn

Descendants

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  • Uyghur: ئەتتارىد (ettarid)

See also

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Further reading

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  • Freytag, Georg (1835) “عطارد”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum[1] (in Latin), volume 3, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 176